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structural support (cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi/arthropods) | | **Lipids** | Fatty acids + glycerol | Cell membranes

membrane, glossy as bridal satins. But come out now, and look at this portentous lower jaw, which seems like the long narrow lid of an immense snuff-box, with the hinge at one end, instead of one side

structures in the lower half of the brain. A single arrowhead points to a distinct area near the base on the left side.Fig. 28.2 Boy with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Brain MRI, (A) sagittal T1, (B) axial T2, (C) coronal FLAIR, (D) axial T1 show abnormal

structures in the lower half of the brain. A single arrowhead points to a distinct area near the base on the left side.Fig. 28.2 Boy with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Brain MRI, (A) sagittal T1, (B) axial T2, (C) coronal FLAIR, (D) axial T1 show abnormal

structures in the lower half of the brain. A single arrowhead points to a distinct area near the base on the left side.Fig. 28.2 Boy with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Brain MRI, (A) sagittal T1, (B) axial T2, (C) coronal FLAIR, (D) axial T1 show abnormal

structural patterns.Fig. 30.2 Metachromatic leukodystrophy. Brain MRI, (A) sagittal FLAIR, (B) axial T2, (C and D) axial T1 with contrast show diffuse T2/FLAIR white matter hyperintensity with sparing of the perivascular regions (arrows) creating a “tigroid” pattern. The cranial nerves are diffusely enlarged and enhancing

structural patterns.Fig. 30.2 Metachromatic leukodystrophy. Brain MRI, (A) sagittal FLAIR, (B) axial T2, (C and D) axial T1 with contrast show diffuse T2/FLAIR white matter hyperintensity with sparing of the perivascular regions (arrows) creating a “tigroid” pattern. The cranial nerves are diffusely enlarged and enhancing

structural patterns.Fig. 30.2 Metachromatic leukodystrophy. Brain MRI, (A) sagittal FLAIR, (B) axial T2, (C and D) axial T1 with contrast show diffuse T2/FLAIR white matter hyperintensity with sparing of the perivascular regions (arrows) creating a “tigroid” pattern. The cranial nerves are diffusely enlarged and enhancing

membrane marker) in the area of ​​interest. No other abnormal metabolites were present. The set of four panels labeled A to D shows axial brain scans and spectroscopy. Panel A shows an axial T 2 magnetic resonance imaging scan with an arrow pointing

cell body - **Myelin sheath** — fatty insulation that speeds transmission - **Terminal buttons** — release neurotransmitters into the synapse ### The Action Potential When membrane potential reaches ~−55 mV (threshold), voltage-gated Na⁺ channels open → rapid depolarisation → K⁺ channels open → repolarisation