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vertebra on the left. Fig. 4.2 Cerebrospinal fluid—venous fistula. Lumbar spine MRI, axial T2 sequence with fat suppression, shows (A) left perineural diverticulum (arrowhead) with (B and C) fistulization to paraspinal veins and paravertebral plexuses (arrows). Clinical Differential Diagnoses Primary headache, including tension headache and migraine

vertebra on the left. Fig. 4.2 Cerebrospinal fluid—venous fistula. Lumbar spine MRI, axial T2 sequence with fat suppression, shows (A) left perineural diverticulum (arrowhead) with (B and C) fistulization to paraspinal veins and paravertebral plexuses (arrows). Clinical Differential Diagnoses Primary headache, including tension headache and migraine

vertebra on the left. Fig. 4.2 Cerebrospinal fluid—venous fistula. Lumbar spine MRI, axial T2 sequence with fat suppression, shows (A) left perineural diverticulum (arrowhead) with (B and C) fistulization to paraspinal veins and paravertebral plexuses (arrows). Clinical Differential Diagnoses Primary headache, including tension headache and migraine

C2 to C6. Clinical Differential Diagnosis Common causes of pediatric myelopathy include inflammatory, infectious, compressive, and vascular. Inflammatory/demyelinating disease is the most common cause of acute spinal cord syndrome in children. Most cases show multifocal involvement of the neuraxis, including brain, optic nerves, and/or spinal cord. Disease classification

C2 to C6. Clinical Differential Diagnosis Common causes of pediatric myelopathy include inflammatory, infectious, compressive, and vascular. Inflammatory/demyelinating disease is the most common cause of acute spinal cord syndrome in children. Most cases show multifocal involvement of the neuraxis, including brain, optic nerves, and/or spinal cord. Disease classification

C2 to C6. Clinical Differential Diagnosis Common causes of pediatric myelopathy include inflammatory, infectious, compressive, and vascular. Inflammatory/demyelinating disease is the most common cause of acute spinal cord syndrome in children. Most cases show multifocal involvement of the neuraxis, including brain, optic nerves, and/or spinal cord. Disease classification

vertebrae. An arrowhead points to a location at the junction of the skull base and cervical spine. The cerebellar tonsils appear pointed and extend downward. The nasal passage, hard palate, and jaw are partially visible in the lower portion of the scan. The spinal cord

vertebrae. An arrowhead points to a location at the junction of the skull base and cervical spine. The cerebellar tonsils appear pointed and extend downward. The nasal passage, hard palate, and jaw are partially visible in the lower portion of the scan. The spinal cord

vertebrae. An arrowhead points to a location at the junction of the skull base and cervical spine. The cerebellar tonsils appear pointed and extend downward. The nasal passage, hard palate, and jaw are partially visible in the lower portion of the scan. The spinal cord

vertebrae, mandible, and skull base.Fig. 22.3 Neck CTA shows irregularity and pseudoaneurysms of the (A) left (arrow) and (B) right (arrowhead) vertebral arteries. Clinical Differential Diagnosis The most common cause of acute ataxia in children is acute cerebellar ataxia following viral or bacterial illness, which is thought