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finger past 90 degrees. Row 2 Thumb touches forearm with passive flexion of the wrist. Row 3 Elbow hyperextends beyond 10 degrees. Row 4 Knee hyperextends beyond 10 degrees. Row 5 Hands can be placed flat on the floor while knees remain straight. The column

finger bends inward while the top joint extends outward. C presents swelling in the knuckles while the smaller joints at the fingertips remain unaffected. PsA commonly presents with degenerative arthritis of the distal interphalangeal (IP) joints, which can be seen in Fig. 4.4. Oligoarthritis

arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most common orthopaedic procedures performed worldwide. There are more than 1 million THAs performed yearly, and that number is increasing as the population ages. In the United States alone, more than 300,000 THAs are performed annually.1 The prevalence

replacement. Revision surgery included mesh extensor mechanism reconstruction. Subsequent infection occurred, and this construct was used as a static spacer. • Fig. 21.3 Postoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs demonstrating stage one revision total knee arthroplasty with a cemented articulating antibiotic spacer