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reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, prostaglandin E2, and IL-1 receptor antagonist.83-86 Preoperative depression screening and referral to the appropriate services may reduce postoperative complications and aid in patient satisfaction after TJA. Renal disease Patients with renal disease have a higher risk for infection

reactive protein (CRP) • Vitamin D • Calcium • Thyroid stimulating hormone, free T4 Nutrition evaluation Of patients undergoing primary or revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA, referring to both hip and knee arthroplasty), 8.5% to 50% have been reported to have laboratory values indicating malnutrition.8-10 Preoperative malnutrition has been associated with adverse

arthritis may require additional attention and care when managing pain perioperatively. Chronic opioid use as a result of persistent pain may lead to opioid use disorder either before or after TJA. Opioid use disorder is a national crisis that has devastating effects on public health

arthritis. ANA, Antinuclear antibodies; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate. • Fig. 5.1 Beighton

arthritis, osteoporosis, and peripheral vascular disease. Previous injuries and wound healing issues should be noted.9 The surgeon should also obtain previous office and operative reports dictating the surgical approach and components used. Patients often present with pain, swelling, instability, or stiffness. The surgeon must elucidate

arthritis involves a thorough history and a combination of blood work and imaging. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive

reactivity is 2.5%. If a patient reports an allergic or adverse reaction to penicillin that does not consist of true anaphylaxis, the recommendation is to proceed with administration of cefazolin in the operating room where emergency resuscitative equipment, medications, and personnel are available for the extremely rare occurrence that

reactive protein Cruciate retaining, in total knee arthroplasty, 152–153 CT. see Computed tomography Cup position, total hip arthroplasty and, 239 D DALYs. see Disability-Adjusted Life Years Decision making, shared, total knee arthroplasty and, 141–142 Degenerative arthritis

arthritis care for our patients and offers hope for future prevention. Systemic risk factors Sex Female patients have been demonstrated to be at higher risk for knee and hand OA; however, most studies do not find a clear increased risk of hip OA in females

reactive protein (CRP) levels are simple, inexpensive, and widely utilized in PJI diagnosis. However, the sensitivity of such markers can be limited, particularly in the setting of low virulence organisms such as Cutibacterium acnes or coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Sensitivity and specificity are increased when ESR and CRP are considered