Search the Library

acid–base imbalances. Phosphate Phosphate is often a key component

based on clinical condition. Ratio of carbohydrate to fat Avoiding overfeeding of macronutrients, especially dextrose; this decreases incidence of steatosis through fatty acid oxidation and reduced hepatic triglyceride uptake. Aim for a carbohydrate-to-fat ratio (as percent of non-protein energy

based on a goal weight for weight maintenance, weight gain, or weight loss. An administration schedule should be created, and blood glucose and serum electrolyte levels need to be stable before discharge. Patient intake and output data should be evaluated before hospital discharge to ensure that

base balance, 38–39 acidosis, metabolic, 38, 39, 78, 78b additives, 44–45 advance directives, 111 advancing parenteral nutrition, 58, 59b air embolism, 23, 106b alanine aminotransferase, 57t, 108b alkaline phosphatase levels, 57t, 108b alkalosis, metabolic, 38, 39 allergic reactions, 35–36, 69 alternate sites, parenteral

based not only on the estimated or measured nutrient needs but also on the patient’s clinical status (eg, critically ill vs stable, fluid overloaded vs dehydrated) and anticipated problems, such as risk for refeeding syndrome or hyperglycemia. (Refer to Chapter 3 for specific information

acid-fast bacilli cultures, synovial white blood cell count, and differential cell count.17 Equivocal synovial fluid analysis results may require a repeat aspiration and evaluation of additional biomarkers such as alpha-defensin, leukocyte esterase (LE), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8.19 The proposed International Consensus Meeting