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vascular consultation should be obtained.7 Additionally, preoperative plastic surgery consultation should be sought if the surgeon notes multiple prior incisions, or anticipates difficulty with closure or wound healing. Radiographic and laboratory studies Specific radiographic and laboratory studies should be ordered whenever considering rTKA. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

vascular causes of hip pain and dysfunction.22,28,30 Gait should be observed during the initial exam. A patient with an antalgic gait will use short steps to minimize motion at the hip joint and time spent on the affected limb.22 Trendelenburg gait—most commonly seen following

prosthesis in place. Conclusion ONFH is a devastating problem with a variety of potential causes, some of which commonly affect females, including trauma, corticosteroid use, alcohol use, autoimmune diseases (which more commonly affect female patients), blood dyscrasias, and HIV. Medication and nonarthroplasty surgical treatments

vascular involvement and is important for preoperative planning. Laboratory evaluation including metabolic panel and complete blood count (CBC) is useful tests to evaluate for anemia, thrombocytopenia, and metabolic abnormalities like hypercalcemia (serum levels greater than 14 mg/dL) that can cause toxicity. Hematologic malignancies such

blood loss, surgical time, immediate postoperative complications, physical function, or patient reported outcomes.61 Disadvantages The complication rate for this approach is quite low. A study by Hansen et al. included 721 primary ABMS THAs and found a reoperation rate of 1.2% (9/721), with no dislocations.62 Another study

blood cell, PMN%, percent polymorphonuclear cells, LE, leukocyte esterase.aNew criteria from the previous iteration.bRemoval of criteria from the previous iteration (data from Refs. 13-18.) • Fig. 14.1 Bony landmarks and insertions for ligaments and tendons for the anterior (A), medial (B), lateral (C), and posterior (D) knee

prosthesis. A legend below shows the subtypes. A is implant well-fixed, B is implant loose, and C is intra-operative. Periprosthetic fracture of patella Periprosthetic patellar fractures are rare after TKA with a combined incidence of 0.68% following both primary and revision TKA.39 Several classification systems have

prosthesis. Periprosthetic fracture of the acetabulum The most commonly used classification system for periprosthetic fractures of the acetabulum is the Paprosky classification, published by Della Valle et al.27 The fractures are classified from Type I through V based on clinical presentation and treatment recommendation.2,27 • Type I: These