Topics A-Z

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several d

A continuous cell line that is a substrain of SWISS 3T3 CELLS developed though clonal isolation. The mouse fibroblast cells undergo an adipose-like conversion as they move to a confluent and contact-i

The region of DNA which borders the 3' end of a transcription unit and where a variety of regulatory sequences are located.

The region of DNA which borders the 5' end of a transcription unit and where a variety of regulatory sequences are located.

Classification system for assessing impact injury severity developed and published by the American Association for Automotive Medicine. It is the system of choice for coding single injuries and is the

Methods to repair breaks in abdominal tissues caused by trauma or to close surgical incisions during abdominal surgery.

Surgical removal of excess abdominal skin and fat and tightening of the ABDOMINAL WALL. Abdominoplasty may include LIPECTOMY of INTRA-ABDOMINAL FAT, tightening of the ABDOMINAL MUSCLES, and re-creatio

The use of an aberrometer to measure eye tissue imperfections or abnormalities based on the way light passes through the eye which affects the ability of the eye to focus properly.

Removal of tissue by vaporization, abrasion, or destruction. Methods used include heating tissue by hot liquids or microwave thermal heating, freezing (CRYOABLATION), chemical ablation, and photoablat

A rating scale that measures INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS known as TARDIVE DYSKINESIA.

Abortion performed because of possible fetal defects.

Intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus by any of a number of techniques. (POPLINE, 1978)

Termination of pregnancy under conditions allowed under local laws. (POPLINE Thesaurus, 1991)

Abortion induced to save the life or health of a pregnant woman. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Implants constructed of materials designed to be absorbed by the body without producing an immune response. They are usually composed of plastics and are frequently used in orthopedics and orthodontic

Pads made of various materials used for personal hygiene usually for absorbing URINE or FECES. They can be worn as underpants or pants liners by various age groups, from NEWBORNS to the ELDERLY. Absor

A noninvasive method for assessing BODY COMPOSITION. It is based on the differential absorption of X-RAYS (or GAMMA RAYS) by different tissues such as bone, fat and other soft tissues. The source of (

Qualitative and quantitative measurement of MOVEMENT patterns.

Surgical reconstruction of the ACETABULUM.

Preparation of TOOTH surfaces and DENTAL MATERIALS with etching agents, usually phosphoric acid, to roughen the surface to increase adhesion or osteointegration.

Objective tests of middle ear function based on the difficulty (impedance) or ease (admittance) of sound flow through the middle ear. These include static impedance and dynamic impedance (i.e., tympan

Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.

The measurement and recording of MOTOR ACTIVITY to assess rest/activity cycles.

A technique used to measure the rate of physiological activity plotted against wavelength of light. An action spectrum depicts the most effective wavelength of light (also known as spectral sensitivit

A method of chemical analysis based on the detection of characteristic radionuclides following a nuclear bombardment. It is also known as radioactivity analysis. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific

Loose-fitting removable orthodontic appliances which redirect the pressures of the facial and masticatory muscles onto the teeth and their supporting structures to produce improvements in tooth arrang

The performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing, ambulation, or eating.

The application of probability and statistical methods to calculate the risk of occurrence of any event, such as onset of illness, recurrent disease, hospitalization, disability, or death. It may incl

A type of massage in which finger pressure on specific body sites is used to promote healing, relieve fatigue, etc. Although the anatomical locations are the same as the ACUPUNCTURE POINTS used in ACU

Analgesia produced by the insertion of ACUPUNCTURE needles at certain ACUPUNCTURE POINTS on the body. This activates small myelinated nerve fibers in the muscle which transmit impulses to the spinal c

Acupuncture therapy by inserting needles in the ear. It is used to control pain and for treating various ailments.

Designated locations along nerves or organ meridians for inserting acupuncture needles.

Treatment of disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians. The placement varies with the disease being treated. It is sometimes used in conjunction with heat, moxibustion, acupres

Works about clinical studies in which a prospectively planned opportunity is included to modify trial designs and hypotheses based on analysis of data from subjects in the study.

Excision of the adenoids. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The amount of fat or lipid deposit at a site or an organ in the body, an indicator of body fat status.

Administration of a soluble dosage form between the cheek and gingiva. It may involve direct application of a drug onto the buccal mucosa, as by painting or spraying.

The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects.

The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.

Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.

The insertion of drugs into the vagina to treat local infections, neoplasms, or to induce labor. The dosage forms may include medicated pessaries, irrigation fluids, and suppositories.

Delivery of substances through VENIPUNCTURE into the VEINS.

The instillation or other administration of drugs into the bladder, usually to treat local disease, including neoplasms.

Administration of low doses of a drug or a drug combination over prolonged periods of time usually at a regular interval.

Delivery of a drug or other substance into the body through the epithelium lining of MUCOUS MEMBRANE involved with absorption and secretion.

Application of pharmaceutically active agents on the tissues of the EYE.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

The insertion of drugs into the rectum, usually for confused or incompetent patients, like children, infants, and the very old or comatose.

Administration of a soluble dosage form by placement under the tongue.

The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects w

Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are transferred to non-immune recipients. When transfer of cells is used as a therapy for the treatment of

Examinations that evaluate and monitor hormone production in the adrenal cortex.

Excision of one or both adrenal glands. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The use of sophisticated methods and equipment to treat cardiopulmonary arrest. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) includes the use of specialized equipment to maintain the airway, early defibrillat

The initial life support care of the severely injured patient.

Systems developed for collecting reports from government agencies, manufacturers, hospitals, physicians, and other sources on adverse drug reactions.

Models connecting initiating events at the cellular and molecular level to population-wide impacts. Computational models may be at levels relating toxicology to adverse effects.

The care and treatment of a convalescent patient, especially that of a patient after surgery.

Establishment of the age of an individual by examination of their skeletal structure.

A means of identifying the age of an animal or human through tooth examination.

Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Immunologic tests for identification of HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) antibodies. They include assays for HIV SEROPOSITIVITY and HIV SERONEGATIVITY that have been developed for screening persons carrying the vir

A technique using a pneumatic, high-pressure stream of aluminum oxide to remove DENTAL ENAMEL; DENTIN; and restorative materials from teeth. In contrast to using DENTAL HIGH-SPEED EQUIPMENT, this meth

Automotive safety devices consisting of a bag designed to inflate upon collision and prevent passengers from pitching forward. (American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)

Barriers used to separate and remove PARTICULATE MATTER from air.

Removal of an endotracheal tube from the patient.

Evaluation, planning, and use of a range of procedures and airway devices for the maintenance or restoration of a patient's ventilation.

Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmonary function testing, it is the ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow.

Brain waves characterized by a relatively high voltage or amplitude and a frequency of 8-13 Hz. They constitute the majority of waves recorded by EEG registering the activity of the parietal and occip

Surgical procedure to add bone to the ALVEOLAR RIDGE in children born with a CLEFT LIP and a CLEFT PALATE.

Preprosthetic surgery involving rib, cartilage, or iliac crest bone grafts, usually autologous, or synthetic implants for rebuilding the alveolar ridge.

Subtotal or complete excision of the alveolar process of the maxilla or mandible. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Conservative contouring of the alveolar process, in preparation for immediate or future denture construction. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Health care services provided to patients on an ambulatory basis, rather than by admission to a hospital or other health care facility. The services may be a part of a hospital, augmenting its inpatie

Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-

Treatment by application of hot sand.

Percutaneous transabdominal puncture of the uterus during pregnancy to obtain amniotic fluid. It is commonly used for fetal karyotype determination in order to diagnose abnormal fetal conditions.

A method of inducing labor by deliberate rupture of the AMNION to cause the release of amniotic fluid.

The detection of RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS by selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments derived from genomic DNA followed by electrophoretic analysis of the amplified restri

Electronic devices that increase the magnitude of a signal's power level or current.

The surgical removal of part of, or all of, a limb or other appendage or outgrowth of the body.

Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS.

The relief of pain without loss of consciousness through the introduction of an analgesic agent into the epidural space of the vertebral canal. It is differentiated from ANESTHESIA, EPIDURAL which ref

The elimination of PAIN, without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, during OBSTETRIC LABOR; OBSTETRIC DELIVERY; or the POSTPARTUM PERIOD, usually through the administration of ANALGESICS.

Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients. It has been used successfully to control POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, during OBSTETRIC LABOR, after BURNS,

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

A technique or tool used to analyze choices for complex decisions, by organizing them, for analysis, into a tree structure.

Use of various chemical separation and extraction methods, such as SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; and SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION; to prepare samples for analytical measurement of componen

A Y-shaped surgical anastomosis of any part of the digestive system which includes the small intestine as the eventual drainage site.

Surgical union or shunt between ducts, tubes or vessels. It may be end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-end, or side-to-side.

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful p

Medical methods of either relieving pain caused by a particular condition or removing the sensation of pain during a surgery or other medical procedure.

A range of methods used to induce UNCONSCIOUSNESS; ANALGESIA; and MUSCLE RELAXATION during cardiac procedures.

Epidural anesthesia administered via the sacral canal.

Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed and anesthetic gas and oxygen are added so that no anesthetic escapes into

Injection of an anesthetic to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body.

A range of methods used to reduce pain and anxiety during dental procedures.

Procedure in which an anesthetic such as a gas or mixture of gases is inhaled through a tube into the lungs.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.

Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.

Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.

Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.

A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.

A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth.

The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.

Procedure involving the instillation of an anesthetic into the rectum.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.

Radiography of the heart and great vessels after injection of a contrast medium.

Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.

A method of delineating blood vessels by subtracting a tissue background image from an image of tissue plus intravascular contrast material that attenuates the X-ray photons. The background image is d

Reconstruction or repair of a blood vessel, which includes the widening of a pathological narrowing of an artery or vein by the removal of atheromatous plaque material and/or the endothelial lining as

Use of a balloon catheter for dilation of an occluded artery. It is used in treatment of arterial occlusive diseases, including renal artery stenosis and arterial occlusions in the leg. For the specif

Dilation of an occluded coronary artery (or arteries) by means of a balloon catheter to restore myocardial blood supply.

Techniques using laser energy in combination with a balloon catheter to perform angioplasty. These procedures can take several forms including: 1, laser fiber delivering the energy while the inflated

A technique utilizing a laser coupled to a catheter which is used in the dilatation of occluded blood vessels. This includes laser thermal angioplasty where the laser energy heats up a metal tip, and

Endoscopes used for viewing the interior of blood vessels.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery performed on the interior of blood vessels.

The use of live animals as a means of therapy.

The use of animals as investigational subjects.

Procedures for recognizing individual animals and certain identifiable characteristics pertaining to them; includes computerized methods, ear tags, etc.

Procedures, such as TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES; mathematical models; etc., when used or advocated for use in place of the use of animals in research or diagnostic laboratories.

Alternatives to the use of animals in research, testing, and education. The alternatives may include reduction in the number of animals used, replacement of animals with a non-animal model or with ani

Comparison of the BLOOD PRESSURE between the BRACHIAL ARTERY and the POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY. It is a predictor of PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE.

Testing in which the source of the specimen or the person being tested is not individually identified.

Rebuilding of the ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT to restore functional stability of the knee. AUTOGRAFTING or ALLOGRAFTING of tissues is often used.

A neurosurgical procedure that removes the anterior TEMPORAL LOBE including the medial temporal structures of CEREBRAL CORTEX; AMYGDALA; HIPPOCAMPUS; and the adjacent PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS. This proce

The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.

Knowledge of the nature of man. A spiritual and mystical doctrine that grew out of theosophy and derives mainly from the philosophy of Rudolph Steiner, Austrian social philosopher (1861-1925). (Webste

Use of antibiotics before, during, or after a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure to prevent infectious complications.

Fluorescent antibody technique for visualizing antibody-bacteria complexes in urine. The presence or absence of antibody-coated bacteria in urine correlates with localization of urinary tract infectio

A peri-operative bridge therapy procedure in patients with high risk THROMBOEMBOLIC events and the risk of bleeding.

Treatment strategies used to manage bleeding events that occur during the use of ANTICOAGULANTS.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

Clinical protocols used to inhibit the growth or spread of NEOPLASMS.

Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively suppress HIV replication. The regimens usually involve administration of three or more different drugs including a protease inhibitor

Radiographic visualization of the aorta and its branches by injection of contrast media, using percutaneous puncture or catheterization procedures.

An acronym for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, a scoring system using routinely collected data and providing an accurate, objective description for a broad range of intensive care unit

Endodontic procedure performed to induce TOOTH APEX barrier development. ROOT CANAL FILLING MATERIALS are used to repair open apex or DENTAL PULP NECROSIS in an immature tooth. CALCIUM HYDROXIDE and m

A method, developed by Dr. Virginia Apgar, to evaluate a newborn's adjustment to extrauterine life. Five items - heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color - are evalu

Excision of the apical portion of a tooth through an opening made in the overlying labial, buccal, or palatal alveolar bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The medical use of honey bee products such as BEE VENOM; HONEY; bee pollen; PROPOLIS; and royal jelly.

Surgical removal of the vermiform appendix. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A minimally invasive water ablation procedure used for treating BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA. During this procedure, a robotically controlled water jet is used to remove excess prostate tissue.

Physical therapy administered while the body is immersed in an aquatic environment.

A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the

A method of tissue ablation and bleeding control that uses ARGON plasma (ionized argon gas) to deliver a current of thermocoagulating energy to the area of tissue to be coagulated.

The use of fragrances and essences from plants to affect or alter a person's mood or behavior and to facilitate physical, mental, and emotional well-being. The chemicals comprising essential oils in p

Surgical procedure for anatomical correction of transposed great arteries (e.g., DOUBLE OUTLET RIGHT VENTRICLE).

Surgical shunt allowing direct passage of blood from an artery to a vein. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Puncture and aspiration of fluid (e.g., SYNOVIAL FLUID) from a joint cavity. It is used sometimes to irrigate or administer drugs into a joint cavity.

The surgical fixation of a joint by a procedure designed to accomplish fusion of the joint surfaces by promoting the proliferation of bone cells. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Roentgenography of a joint, usually after injection of either positive or negative contrast medium.

Measurements of joint flexibility (RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR), usually by employing an angle-measuring device (arthrometer). Arthrometry is used to measure ligamentous laxity and stability. It is oft

Surgical reconstruction of a joint to relieve pain or restore motion.

Partial or total replacement of a skeletal joint.

Replacement of the ANKLE JOINT.

Replacement of the ELBOW JOINT.

Partial or total replacement of one or more FINGERS, or a FINGER JOINT.

Replacement of the hip joint.

Replacement of the knee joint.

Replacement of the SHOULDER JOINT.

Surgical techniques used to correct or augment healing of chondral defects in the joints (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR). These include abrasion, drilling, and microfracture of the subchondral bone to enhance

Endoscopes for visualizing the interior of a joint.

Endoscopic examination, therapy and surgery of the joint.

Any visible result of a procedure which is caused by the procedure itself and not by the entity being analyzed. Common examples include histological structures introduced by tissue processing, radiogr

The in vitro fusion of GENES by RECOMBINANT DNA techniques to analyze protein behavior or GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, or to merge protein functions for specific medical or industrial uses.

Prosthetic replacements for arms, legs, and parts thereof.

Devices intended to replace non-functioning organs. They may be temporary or permanent. Since they are intended always to function as the natural organs they are replacing, they should be differentiat

The use of art as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of neurological, mental, or behavioral disorders.

Pumping that aids the natural activity of the heart. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Endovascular procedure in which atheromatous plaque is excised by a cutting or rotating catheter. It differs from balloon and laser angioplasty procedures which enlarge vessels by dilation but frequen

Percutaneous transluminal procedure for removing atheromatous plaque from the coronary arteries. Both directional (for removing focal atheromas) and rotational (for removing concentric atheromatous pl

Adhesive tape with the mechanical strength to resist stretching. It is applied to the skin to support, stabilize, and restrict movement to aid healing and/or prevent injuries of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SY

Experimental devices used in inhalation studies in which a person or animal is either partially or completely immersed in a chemically controlled atmosphere.

Method of pain control in which auditory stimulation including music, white noise, and environmental sounds are used.

The testing of the acuity of the sense of hearing to determine the thresholds of the lowest intensity levels at which an individual can hear a set of tones. The frequencies between 125 and 8000 Hz are

A form of electrophysiologic audiometry in which an analog computer is included in the circuit to average out ongoing or spontaneous brain wave activity. A characteristic pattern of response to a soun

Measurement of hearing based on the use of pure tones of various frequencies and intensities as auditory stimuli.

Measurement of the ability to hear speech under various conditions of intensity and noise interference using sound-field as well as earphones and bone oscillators.

Surgical insertion of an electronic hearing device (AUDITORY BRAIN STEM IMPLANTS) with electrodes to the cochlea nucleus in the BRAIN STEM rather than to the inner ear as in COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION.

Multi-channel hearing devices typically used for patients who have tumors on the COCHLEAR NERVE and are unable to benefit from COCHLEAR IMPLANTS after tumor surgery that severs the cochlear nerve. The

Treatment of pain, drug addictions, or other ailments by stimulating the various points on the external ear (EAR AURICLES). It is based on the ancient Chinese practices of EAR ACUPUNCTURE, but sometim

Act of listening for sounds within the body.

Method of analyzing chemicals using automation.

Intentionally using oneself as a research subject.

Technique based on muscle relaxation during self-hypnotic exercises. It is used in conjunction with psychotherapy.

Electronic identification of a human based on attributes of the face.

Controlled operations of analytic or diagnostic processes, or systems by mechanical or electronic devices.

The removal or interruption of some part of the autonomic nervous system for therapeutic or research purposes.

Interruption of sympathetic pathways, by local injection of an anesthetic agent, at any of four levels: peripheral nerve block, sympathetic ganglion block, extradural block, and subarachnoid block.

Postmortem examination of the body.

The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Suggestion coming from the subject himself.

Culture of an isolated organism free from any other associating or contaminating organisms.

An extra-anatomic method of surgical revascularization in which the AXILLARY ARTERY is anastomosed to FEMORAL ARTERY.

Transection or severing of an axon. This type of denervation is used often in experimental studies on neuronal physiology and neuronal death or survival, toward an understanding of nervous system dise

An immortalized cell line derived from human ADENOCARCINOMA, ALVEOLAR basal epithelial cells isolated from the lungs of a male patient in 1972. The cell line is positive for KERATIN, can synthesize LE

That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.

The region in the abdomen extending from the thoracic DIAPHRAGM to the plane of the superior pelvic aperture (pelvic inlet). The abdominal cavity contains the PERITONEUM and abdominal VISCERA, as well

The torso region located deep within the abdominal area involved in attaching the TORSO to the SPINE and the PELVIC FLOOR. Muscles in the abdominal core are important in POSTURAL BALANCE, spine stabil

Fatty tissue in the region of the ABDOMEN. It includes the ABDOMINAL SUBCUTANEOUS FAT and the INTRA-ABDOMINAL FAT.

Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS; ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE MUSCLES, transversus abdominis, pyramidalis muscles and quadratus abdominis.

Muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall consisting of the external oblique and the internal oblique muscles. The external abdominal oblique muscle fibers extend from lower thoracic ribs to the lin

The outer margins of the ABDOMEN, extending from the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage to the PELVIS. Though its major part is muscular, the abdominal wall consists of at least seven layers: the SKIN,

The 6th cranial nerve which originates in the ABDUCENS NUCLEUS of the PONS and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the EYE. Damage to the nerve or its nucleus disrupts horizontal eye m

A region in the PONTINE TEGMENTUM that is the nucleus of the ABDUCENS NERVE.

The fourth stomach of ruminating animals. It is also called the true stomach. It is an elongated pear-shaped sac lying on the floor of the abdomen, on the right-hand side, and roughly between the seve

A mammalian fetus expelled by INDUCED ABORTION or SPONTANEOUS ABORTION.

Erythrocytes with protoplasmic projections giving the cell a thorny appearance.

The 11th cranial nerve which originates from NEURONS in the MEDULLA and in the CERVICAL SPINAL CORD. It has a cranial root, which joins the VAGUS NERVE (10th cranial) and sends motor fibers to the mus

Remaining tissue from normal DERMIS tissue after the cells are removed.

The part of the pelvis that comprises the pelvic socket where the head of FEMUR joins to form HIP JOINT (acetabulofemoral joint).

Tendon that connects the muscles in the back of the calf to the HEEL BONE.

Cells lining the saclike dilatations known as acini of various glands or the lungs.

A type of acneiform disorder in which secondary pyogenic infection in and around pilosebaceous structures ends in keloidal scarring. It manifests as persistent folliculitis of the back of the neck ass

The sensory areas on the vertical wall of the saccule and in the floor of the utricle. The hair cells in the maculae are innervated by fibers of the VESTIBULAR NERVE.

The gliding joint formed by the outer extremity of the CLAVICLE and the inner margin of the ACROMION PROCESS of the SCAPULA.

The lateral extension of the spine of the SCAPULA and the highest point of the SHOULDER.

The cap-like structure covering the anterior portion of SPERM HEAD. Acrosome, derived from LYSOSOMES, is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the required hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes necess

Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments.

A collection of lymphoid nodules on the posterior wall and roof of the NASOPHARYNX.

Anchoring points where the CYTOSKELETON of neighboring cells are connected to each other. They are composed of specialized areas of the plasma membrane where bundles of the ACTIN CYTOSKELETON attach t

Cells in the body that store FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. WHITE ADIPOCYTES are the predominant type and found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. BROWN ADIPOCYTES ar

Brown fat-like cells that develop in the WHITE FAT from non-MYOGENIC REGULATORY FACTOR 5 expressing CELL LINEAGE.

Fat cells with dark coloration due to the densely packed MITOCHONDRIA. They contain numerous small lipid droplets or vacuoles. Their stored lipids can be converted directly to energy as heat by the mi

Fat cells with light coloration and few MITOCHONDRIA. They contain a scant ring of CYTOPLASM surrounding a single large lipid droplet or vacuole.

Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT

Brown fat-like adipose tissue that develops in WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE from non-MYOGENIC REGULATORY FACTOR 5 expressing cell lineage.

A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of BROWN ADIPOCYTES. It is found in newborns of many species including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is richly vascularized, innervated, a

Fatty tissue composed of WHITE ADIPOCYTES and generally found directly under the skin (SUBCUTANEOUS FAT) and around the internal organs (ABDOMINAL FAT). It has less vascularization and less coloration

Appendages of the UTERUS which include the FALLOPIAN TUBES, the OVARY, and the supporting ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT).

The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is derived from MESODERM and comprised of three zones (outer ZONA GLOMERULOSA, middle ZONA FASCICULATA, and inner ZONA RETICULARIS) with each producing various

A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the ADRENAL CORTEX producing

The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ECTODERM, adrenal medulla consists mainly of CHROMAFFIN CELLS that produces and stores a number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS, mainly adrenaline (EPINEPHRIN

Nerve fibers liberating catecholamines at a synapse after an impulse.

Neurons whose primary neurotransmitter is EPINEPHRINE.

Progenitor stem cells found in the testicles.

Tissue-specific stem cells (also known as Somatic Stem Cells) that appear during fetal development and remain in the body throughout life. The key functions of adult stem cells are to maintain and rep

The outermost covering of organs, blood vessels, and other such structures in the body.

Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center.

Thin-walled sacs or spaces which function as a part of the respiratory system in birds, fishes, insects, and mammals.

An extra-embryonic membranous sac derived from the YOLK SAC of REPTILES; BIRDS; and MAMMALS. It lies between two other extra-embryonic membranes, the AMNION and the CHORION. The allantois serves to st

Cells from genetically different individuals of the same species to be used for CELL- AND TISSUE-BASED THERAPY; ADOPTIVE CELL TRANSFER; or ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY.

Tissues, cells, or organs transplanted between genetically different individuals of the same species.

Epithelial cells that line the PULMONARY ALVEOLI.

The thickest and spongiest part of the maxilla and mandible hollowed out into deep cavities for the teeth.

INTERNEURONS of the vertebrate RETINA. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS, with which they synapse in the inner ple

Cylindrical epithelial cells in the innermost layer of the ENAMEL ORGAN. Their functions include contribution to the development of the dentinoenamel junction by the deposition of a layer of the matri

The innermost membranous sac that surrounds and protects the developing embryo which is bathed in the AMNIOTIC FLUID. Amnion cells are secretory EPITHELIAL CELLS and contribute to the amniotic fluid.

A clear, yellowish liquid that envelopes the FETUS inside the sac of AMNION. In the first trimester, it is likely a transudate of maternal or fetal plasma. In the second trimester, amniotic fluid deri

A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the COMMON BILE DUCT and the MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla.

The part of a limb or tail following AMPUTATION, SURGICAL that is proximal to the amputated section.

Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the INFERIOR HORN OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE of the TEMPORAL LOBE. The amygdala is part of the limbic system.

The terminal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, beginning from the ampulla of the RECTUM and ending at the anus.

A pair of anal glands or sacs, located on either side of the ANUS, that produce and store a dark, foul-smelling fluid in carnivorous animals such as MEPHITIDAE and DOGS. The expelled fluid is used as

Reference points located by visual inspection, palpation, or computer assistance, that are useful in localizing structures on or within the human body.

Membranous appendage of fish and other aquatic organisms used for locomotion or balance.

Usually densely-packed hairs on the skin of MAMMALS.

Tough, horny, brittle, smooth, striated or plate-like extensions of the stratum corneum or outer layer of the skin. It serves as a protective layer in fishes, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

The hard rigid covering of animals including MOLLUSCS; TURTLES; INSECTS; and crustaceans.

Organs and other anatomical structures of non-human vertebrate and invertebrate animals.

The region of the lower limb between the FOOT and the LEG.

The joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superi

Outer portion of the intervertebral disc that surrounds the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS.

The anterior aspect of the casing that surrounds the natural CRYSTALLINE LENS.

Artery formed by the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL). Branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply the CAUDATE NUCLEUS; INTERNAL CAPSULE; PUTAMEN; SEPTAL NUCLE

The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and that part of t

Bundle of MYELINATED NERVE FIBERS that connects the two CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES in the LAMINA TERMINALIS. It is located ventral to the SEPTAL NUCLEI, and caudal to the median PREOPTIC NUCLEUS.

A strong ligament of the knee that originates from the posteromedial portion of the lateral condyle of the femur, passes anteriorly and inferiorly between the condyles, and attaches to the depression

The front third of the eyeball that includes the structures between the front surface of the cornea and the front of the VITREOUS BODY.

MOTOR NEURONS in the anterior (ventral) horn of the SPINAL CORD which project to SKELETAL MUSCLES.

Loose heterogeneous collection of cells in the anterior hypothalamus, continuous rostrally with the medial and lateral PREOPTIC AREAS and caudally with the TUBER CINEREUM.

Three nuclei located beneath the dorsal surface of the most rostral part of the thalamus. The group includes the anterodorsal nucleus, anteromedial nucleus, and anteroventral nucleus. All receive conn

Cells of the lymphoid series that can react with antigen to produce specific cell products called antibodies. Various cell subpopulations, often B-lymphocytes, can be defined, based on the different c

A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES;

Serum containing GAMMA-GLOBULINS which are antibodies for lymphocyte ANTIGENS. It is used both as a test for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY and therapeutically in TRANSPLANTATION.

The horn of an animal of the deer family, typically present only in the male. It differs from the HORNS of other animals in being a solid, generally branched bony outgrowth that is shed and renewed an

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

The aorta from the DIAPHRAGM to the bifurcation into the right and left common iliac arteries.

The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.

Small clusters of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the ARCH OF THE AORTA; the PULMONARY ARTERIES; and the CORONARY ARTERIES. The aortic bodies sense PH; CARBON DIOXIDE; and OXYGEN conc

The valve between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta which prevents backflow into the left ventricle.

Non-photosynthetic plastids derived from RED ALGAE endosymbionts. They are found in species of the phylum APICOMPLEXA including PLASMODIUM MALARAIAE.

Large, branched, specialized sweat glands that empty into the upper portion of a HAIR FOLLICLE instead of directly onto the SKIN.

The flattened and/or expanded “tendon-like” dense fibrous connective tissue that connects skeletal muscles to each other or to bone.

A worm-like blind tube extension from the CECUM.

Cells with the capacity to take up and decarboxylate the amine precursors DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE or 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN. This is a property of endocrine cells of neural and non-neural origin. APUDOMA

The clear, watery fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It has a refractive index lower than the crystalline lens, which it surrounds, and is involved in the metabolism of

A delicate membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. It lies between the PIA MATER and the DURA MATER. It is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid cavity which is filled with CEREBROSP

A nucleus located in the middle hypothalamus in the most ventral part of the THIRD VENTRICLE near the entrance of the infundibular recess. Its small cells are in close contact with the EPENDYMA.

A small, rounded eminence on each side of the FOURTH VENTRICLE, which receives nerve fibers from the SOLITARY NUCLEUS; SPINAL CORD; and adjacent areas of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA. The area postrema lies

The superior part of the upper extremity between the SHOULDER and the ELBOW.

The bones of the free part of the upper extremity including the HUMERUS; RADIUS; and ULNA.

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.

A vessel that directly interconnects an artery and a vein, and that acts as a shunt to bypass the CAPILLARY BEDS. Not to be confused with SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS or ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA.

Paired sense organs connected to the anterior segments of ARTHROPODS that help them navigate through the environment.

Artificially prepared viral sub-particles devoid of viral genetic material. They are often formed by self-assembly of exogenously expressed viral proteins and are often used for a vaccine development,

One of a pair of small pyramidal cartilages that articulate with the lamina of the CRICOID CARTILAGE. The corresponding VOCAL LIGAMENT and several muscles are attached to it.

The serous fluid of ASCITES, the accumulation of fluids in the PERITONEAL CAVITY.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from star cells) are irregularly

The joint involving the CERVICAL ATLAS and axis bones.

The point of articulation between the OCCIPITAL BONE and the CERVICAL ATLAS.

Ear-shaped appendage of either atrium of the heart. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The thin membrane-like muscular structure separating the right and the left upper chambers (HEART ATRIA) of a heart.

A small nodular mass of specialized muscle fibers located in the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus. It gives rise to the atrioventricular bundle of the conduction system of the

Morphological abnormalities of the cervical EPITHELIUM, usually revealed in PAP SMEAR, which do not meet the criteria for squamous CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA or SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS of the

The region of the cerebral cortex that receives the auditory radiation from the MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY.

NEURAL PATHWAYS and connections within the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, beginning at the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI, continuing along the eighth cranial nerve, and terminating at the AUDITORY CORTEX.

Transplant comprised of an individual's own tissue, transferred from one part of the body to another.

Nerve fibers which project from cell bodies of AUTONOMIC GANGLIA to SYNAPSES on target organs.

NERVE FIBERS which project from the central nervous system to AUTONOMIC GANGLIA. In the sympathetic division most preganglionic fibers originate with neurons in the intermediolateral column of the SPI

The ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; and SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during bo

Nerves and plexuses of the autonomic nervous system. The central nervous system structures which regulate the autonomic nervous system are not included.

Large spherical double-layered structures which function in AUTOPHAGY to engulf intracellular components such as ORGANELLES or pathogens. Their outer membrane then fuses with the LYSOSOME (forming the

The distance between the anterior and posterior poles of the eye, measured either by ULTRASONOGRAPHY or by partial coherence interferometry.

Area of the human body underneath the SHOULDER JOINT, also known as the armpit or underarm.

The continuation of the subclavian artery; it distributes over the upper limb, axilla, chest and shoulder.

The venous trunk of the upper limb; a continuation of the basilar and brachial veins running from the lower border of the teres major muscle to the outer border of the first rib where it becomes the s

The second cervical vertebra.

A bundle of MICROTUBULES and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS forming the core of each CILIUM or FLAGELLUM. In most eukaryotic cilia or flagella, an axoneme shaft has 20 microtubules arranged in nine d

First segment of axon that connects distal axon segments to the neuronal CELL BODY at the axon hillock region. The axon initial segment is not protected by the MYELIN SHEATH and has properties critica

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

A vein which arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava.

An approximately 250 amino acid domain common to AAA ATPases and AAA Proteins. It consists of a highly conserved N-terminal P-Loop ATPase subdomain with an alpha-beta-alpha conformation, and a less-co

Places where animals are slaughtered and dressed for market.

Works consisting of lists of shortened forms of written words or phrases used for brevity. Acronyms are included here.

Works about shortened forms of written words or phrases used for brevity.

A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE, order Malvales, subclass Dilleniidae, of which okra is best known example.

A replication-defective strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) capable of transforming lymphoid cells and producing a rapidly progressing lymphoid leukemia after superinfection with

A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. Balm of Gilead is a common example.

A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria in the family Aerococcaceae.

Individuals requesting induced abortions.

Illegal termination of pregnancy.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE whose members contain the highly toxic compound ABRIN.

A genus of zygomycetous fungi, family Mucoraceae, order MUCORALES, which sometimes causes infection in humans.

An extract of absinthium and other bitter herbs, containing 60% alcohol. Prolonged ingestion causes nervousness, convulsions, trismus, amblyopia, optic neuritis, and mental deterioration. (Dorland, 27

The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.

The physical process of passing into, or being taken up or taken in by a substance.

Uptake of substances by the body, tissues, or cells. The uptake may occur by various forms of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT or by simple DIFFUSION.

The uptake or transfer of energy from RADIATION.

Works about activities performed to identify concepts and aspects of published information and research reports.

Works consisting of lists of publications on a subject and that provide full annotated bibliographical information together with substantive summaries or condensations of the facts, ideas, or opinions

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The gums and tanning agents obtained from Acacia are called GUM ARABIC. The common name catechu is more often used for Areca catechu (ARECA).

The environment concerned with the pursuit of research, education, and scholarship.

Work consisting of formal presentations made usually to fulfill requirements for an academic degree.

Works about substantial papers written by candidates for an academic degree under the individual direction of a professor or papers written by undergraduates desirous of achieving honors or distinctio

Student’s unsuccessful attempt at academic achievement or a marked inadequacy in the areas of scholarship or study. This is not underachievement which is performance, usually in school work, poorer th

Medical complexes consisting of medical school, hospitals, clinics, libraries, administrative facilities, etc.

A quantitative or qualitative measure of intellectual, scholarly, or scholastic accomplishment.

Level of engagement in educationally purposeful activities, satisfaction, acquisition of desired knowledge, skills, and competencies, persistence and attainment of educational outcomes.

Organizations representing specialized fields which are accepted as authoritative; may be non-governmental, university or an independent research organization, e.g., National Academy of Sciences, Broo

Nettle-like plants in the subfamily Acalyphoideae. Acalypha is the largest genus in the Euphorbiaceae family.

A plant family of the order Lamiales. It is characterized by simple leaves in opposite pairs, cystoliths (enlarged cells containing crystals of calcium carbonate), and bilaterally symmetrical and bise

A genus of free-living soil amoebae that produces no flagellate stage. Its organisms are pathogens for several infections in humans and have been found in the eye, bone, brain, and respiratory tract.

A species of free-living soil amoebae in the family Acanthamoebidae. It can cause ENCEPHALITIS and KERATITIS in humans.

A phylum of parasitic worms, closely related to tapeworms and containing two genera: Moniliformis, which sometimes infects man, and Macracanthorhynchus, which infects swine.

A common genus of tropical filarial worms parasitic in humans and monkeys.

A suborder of ameboid protozoa. Characteristics include subpseudopodia that are more or less finely tipped, occasionally filiform, commonly furcate hyaline, and produced from a broad hyaline lobe. Cys

A large, subclass of arachnids comprising the MITES and TICKS, including parasites of plants, animals, and humans, as well as several important disease vectors.

Family of MITES, in the superfamily Acaroidea, order Astigmata. They are frequently found in cereal-based foodstuffs including GRAIN and FLOUR.

An increase in the rate of speed.

Convenient availability to affordable foods that support healthy eating patterns. Access may be limited due to having a limited income or living far away from sources of healthful and affordable food.

Individual's rights to obtain and use information collected or generated by others.

The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive PRIMARY CARE.

Falls due to slipping or tripping which may result in injury.

Efforts and designs to reduce the incidence of unexpected undesirable events in various environments and situations.

Unexpected and unintentional events, typically resulting in ACCIDENTAL INJURIES.

Unanticipated events associated with AIRCRAFT.

ACCIDENTS which occur within the home.

Unforeseen occurrences, especially injuries in the course of work-related activities.

Accidents on streets, roads, and highways involving drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or vehicles. Traffic accidents refer to AUTOMOBILES (passenger cars, buses, and trucks), BICYCLING, and MOTORCYCLE

Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.

The dioptric adjustment of the EYE (to attain maximal sharpness of retinal imagery for an object of regard) referring to the ability, to the mechanism, or to the process. Ocular accommodation is the e

Organizations of health care providers that agree to be accountable for the quality, cost, and overall care of Medicare beneficiaries who are enrolled in the traditional fee-for-service program who ar

Book in which personal or commercial accounts of financial transactions are recorded. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

System of recording financial transactions.

Short-term debt obligations and assets occurring in the regular course of operational transactions.

Certification as complying with a standard set by non-governmental organizations, applied for by institutions, programs, and facilities on a voluntary basis.

Process of cultural change in which one group or members of a group assimilate various cultural patterns from another.

A plant genus of the family SAPINDACEAE, best known for trees with palmately lobed leaves.

A plant family of the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Leaves are opposite and usually toothed or lobed. The fruit, a samara (a winged nutlet), splits into two (rarely three) w

A genus of green algae found in the Mediterranean and other warm seas.

A species of gram-negative bacteria of the family ACETOBACTERACEAE found in FLOWERS and FRUIT. Cells are ellipsoidal to rod-shaped and straight or slightly curved.

A family of gram-negative aerobic bacteria consisting of ellipsoidal to rod-shaped cells that occur singly, in pairs, or in chains.

A genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Eubacteriaceae. Species are homoacetogenic, having the ability to use CARBON DIOXIDE as an electron sink, and to reduce it producing acetate as a typica

Formation of an acetyl derivative. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A genomic region found in DROSOPHILA. The region contains genes encoding BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that play a critical role in the regulation of pattern formation during EMBRYONIC

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that has long been used in folk medicine for treating wounds.

A genus of OOMYCETES in the family Saprolegniaceae. They are pathogens of FISHES and INSECTS.

A genus of gram-negative organisms including saprophytic and parasitic or pathogenic species.

An organism originally isolated from sewage, manure, humus, and soil, but recently found as a parasite in mammals and birds.

Gram-negative organisms including apparently free-living saphrophytes as well as mammalian and avian parasites, and possibly pathogens.

A genus of gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore forming rods. Soil and water are regarded as the natural habitat. They are sometimes isolated from a hospital environment and humans.

A species of gram negative, aerobic, denitrifying bacteria in the genus ACHROMOBACTER.

The type species of gram negative, aerobic bacteria in the genus ACHROMOBACTER. Previously in the genus ALCALIGENES, the classification and nomenclature of this species has been frequently emended. Th

A plant genus of the family AMARANTHACEAE, order Caryophyllales, which has been used in traditional medicine (MEDICINE, CHINESE TRADITIONAL).

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain TERPENES and achyrofuran, a prenylated dibenzofuran (BENZOFURANS).

A genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family ACIDAMINOCOCCACEAE, isolated from the INTESTINES of PIGS and humans.

The balance between acids and bases in the BODY FLUIDS. The pH (HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION) of the arterial BLOOD provides an index for the total body acid-base balance.

A genus of facultatively anaerobic coccoid ARCHAEA, in the family SULFOLOBACEAE. Cells are highly irregular in shape and thermoacidophilic. Lithotrophic growth occurs aerobically via sulfur oxidation

A genus in the family ACETOBACTERACEAE consisting of chemoorganotrophic, straight rods with rounded ends. They are aerobic and acidophilic.

A genus of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria in the class GAMMAPROTEOBACTERIA. They are obligately acidophilic and aerobic, using reduced SULFUR COMPOUNDS to support AUTOTROPHIC GROWTH.

A strictly autotrophic species of bacteria that oxidizes sulfur and thiosulfate to sulfuric acid. It was formerly called Thiobacillus thiooxidans.

A physiologically diverse phylum of acidophilic, gram-negative bacteria found in a wide variety of habitats, but particularly abundant in soils and sediments.

A genus of gram-negative bacteria of the family MORAXELLACEAE, found in soil and water and of uncertain pathogenicity.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria, commonly found in the clinical laboratory, and frequently resistant to common antibiotics.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria found in soil and water. Although considered to be normally nonpathogenic, this bacterium is a causative agent of nosocomial infections, particularly in de

A genus of long-legged, swift-moving felines (FELIDAE) from Africa (and formerly Asia) about the size of a small leopard.

A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain a number of diterpenoid alkaloids including: aconitans, hypaconitine, ACONITINE, jesaconitine, ignavine, napelline, and mesaconitine. The com

A plant family of the order Arales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida (monocot).

A plant genus of the family ACORACEAE, order Arales, subclass Arecidae most notable for Acorus calamus L. root which contains asarone and has been used in TRADITIONAL MEDICINE.

The branch of physics that deals with sound and sound waves. In medicine it is often applied in procedures in speech and hearing studies. With regard to the environment, it refers to the characteristi

A mitosporic fungal genus with many reported ascomycetous teleomorphs. Cephalosporin antibiotics are derived from this genus.

Changes that occur to liberate the enzymes of the ACROSOME of a sperm (SPERMATOZOA). Acrosome reaction allows the sperm to penetrate the ZONA PELLUCIDA and enter the OVUM during FERTILIZATION.

A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE.

A plant species of the family ACTINIDIACEAE, order ERICALES.

A plant family of the order Theales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is best known for Kiwi fruit (ACTINIDIA).

A genus of PASTEURELLACEAE described as gram-negative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes. Most members are found both as pathogens and commensal organisms in the respiratory, alimentar

A genus of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ACTINOBACILLUS, which is pathogenic for HORSES and PIGS.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus-shaped bacteria that has been isolated from pneumonic lesions and blood. It produces pneumonia with accompanying fibrinous pleuritis i

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ACTINOBACILLUS, which causes EPIDIDYMITIS in SHEEP.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ACTINOBACILLUS. It is mainly a pathogen of PIGS, but also can infect HORSES.

Class of BACTERIA with diverse morphological properties. Strains of Actinobacteria show greater than 80% 16S rDNA/rRNA sequence similarity among each other and also the presence of certain signature n

A genus of gram-positive bacteria in the family Thermomonosporaceae, order ACTINOMYCETALES. It is a filamentous bacterium found in soil and is a causative agent for MADURA FOOT.

A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms are nonmotile. Filaments that may be present in certain species are either straight or wavy and may have swollen or clubbed heads.

A species of ACTINOMYCES found in the oral cavity of man and hamsters. It has been isolated from actinomycotic lesions in swine, cats, and dogs and has been identified as a causative agent of animal d

A family of bacteria including numerous parasitic and pathogenic forms.

An order of gram-positive, primarily aerobic BACTERIA that tend to form branching filaments.

A genus of zoospore-forming bacteria in the Micromonosporaceae family that is a source of many clinically important natural products.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

The conversion of an exogenous substance by a biological system resulting in the production on an active metabolite.

Gated transport mechanisms by which proteins or RNA are moved across the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE.

Bouts of physical irritability or movement alternating with periods of quiescence. It includes biochemical activity and hormonal activity which may be cellular. These cycles are shorter than 24 hours

The occupational discipline of the traditional Chinese methods of ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY for treating disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians.

Surgical specialty generally encompassing emergency general surgery, surgical critical care and trauma care. Acute care surgery is a component of general surgery related to care of patients with acute

The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule.

A plant genus of the family BOMBACACEAE that is used for FOOD and MEDICINE, TRADITIONAL.

Changes in biological features that help an organism cope with its ENVIRONMENT. These changes include physiological (ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL), phenotypic and genetic changes.

The adjustment of the eye to variations in the intensity of light. Light adaptation is the adjustment of the eye when the light threshold is increased; DARK ADAPTATION when the light is greatly reduce

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

Algorithms designed to solve a problem by modifying their behaviors when facing with an unseen task with limited data during training.

Clinical study in which a prospectively planned opportunity is included to modify trial designs and hypotheses based on analysis of data from subjects in the study.

Protection from an infectious disease agent that is mediated by B- and T- LYMPHOCYTES following exposure to specific antigen, and characterized by IMMUNOLOGIC MEMORY. It can result from either previou

A medical specialty focused on the diagnosis and treatment of ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR disorders, including SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS and IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDERS; and the management of co-occurring medi

Work consisting of speeches, orations, or written statements, usually formal, directed to a particular group of persons. These are different from a LECTURE that is usually delivered to classes for ins

A subclass of nematodes characterized by reduced or absent caudal papillae and an excretory system lacking lateral canals. Its organisms are usually infective to their final host.

A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.

Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS that causes fever, edema, vomiting, and diarrhea in dogs and encephalitis in foxes. Epizootics have also been caused in bears, wolves, coyotes, and skunks. The offi

Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing a wide range of diseases in humans. Infections are mostly asymptomatic, but can be associated with diseases of the respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestina

Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing neurological disease in pigs.

Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS associated with respiratory and enteric infections in primate hosts.

A property of the surface of an object that makes it stick to another surface.

A plant genus of the family Pteridaceae. Members contain TRITERPENES. Some species in this genus are called maidenhair fern which is also a common name occasionally used for Lygodium (FERNS) and POLYP

The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature ADIPOCYTES.

Information relating to itemized coding of procedures and costs associated with healthcare delivery, used as a means for tracking healthcare utilization, patterns of care, and treatment outcomes.

Individuals responsible for the development of policy and supervision of the execution of plans and functional operations.

Hospital department responsible for the flow of patients and the processing of admissions, discharges, transfers, and also most procedures to be carried out in the event of a patient's death.

A person 13 to 18 years of age.

The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of ADOLESCENTS.

Organized services to provide health care to adolescents, ages ranging from 13 through 18 years.

Adolescent hospitalized for short term care.

An adolescent who is receiving long-term in-patient services or who resides in an institutional setting.

A branch of medicine pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases occurring during the period of ADOLESCENCE.

Nutritional physiology of children aged 13-18 years.

A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain cardenolide oligoglycosides such as adoniside, adonisidum and alepposide.

Voluntary acceptance of a child of other parents to be as one's own child, usually with legal confirmation.

A plant family of the order Dipsacales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. Members of this family are sometimes classified in CAPRIFOLIACEAE.

Post-translational modification of proteins with ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE.

A stage of development at which the ADRENAL GLANDS undergo maturation leading to the capability of producing increasing amounts of adrenal androgens, DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE. Adrena

The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not nec

A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.

Non-residential facilities that are designed to provide care and companionship for seniors who need assistance or supervision during the day.

Persons who were child victims of violence and abuse including physical, sexual, or emotional maltreatment.

Persons who experienced traumatic events during childhood.

Discussions with patients and/or their representatives about the goals and desired direction of the patient's care, particularly end-of-life care, in the event that the patient is or becomes incompete

Compliance by health personnel or proxies with the stipulations of ADVANCE DIRECTIVES (or similar directives such as RESUSCITATION ORDERS) when patients are unable to direct their own care.

Declarations by patients, made in advance of a situation in which they may be incompetent to decide about their own care, stating their treatment preferences or authorizing a third party to make decis

Pregnancy in women at least 35 years old at the time of delivery. This was formerly known as geriatric pregnancy.

Evidence-based nursing, midwifery and healthcare grounded in research and scholarship. Practitioners include nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, nurse anesthetists, and nurse midwives.

Deleterious experiences in first 18 years of life.

Work consisting of publicly distributed notices, usually as paid announcements in mass media such as newspapers, magazines, or on billboards. They include those in motion picture, television advertisi

Works about the act or practice of calling public attention to a product, service, need, etc., especially by paid announcements in newspapers, magazines, on radio, or on television. (Random House Unab

Groups set up to advise governmental bodies, societies, or other institutions on policy. (Bioethics Thesaurus)

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER and DENGUE are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus.

A genus of grasses known generally as goatgrasses, presumed to be wild ancestors of domestic WHEAT. They belong to the grass family, POACEAE, and are distributed widely in Eurasia and North America.

A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE.

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

A family of gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria in the order Lactobacillales.

A genus of gram-positive cocci in the family AEROCOCCACEAE, occurring as airborne saprophytes.

A family of gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacteria, ubiquitous in fresh and brackish water, and associated with GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES.

An order of Gram-negative bacteria in the class GAMMAPROTEOBACTERIA, phylum PROTEOBACTERIA, which include important pathogens.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs singly, in pairs, or in short chains. Its organisms are found in fresh water and sewage and are pathogenic to humans,

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that is found in domestic and wild animals including birds, and fish. In humans it causes GASTROENTERITIS in young children and some adults

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that may be pathogenic for frogs, fish, and mammals, including man. In humans, cellulitis and diarrhea can result from infectio

A species of gram-negative bacteria, in the family Aeromonadaceae. It is strictly parasitic and often pathogenic causing FURUNCULOSIS in SALMONIDS and ulcer disease in GOLDFISH.

A species of Aeromonas that occurs mostly as single cells in soil and freshwater environments. It also inhabits the digestive tract of the leech HIRUDO MEDICINALIS, where it aids in the digestion of b

A genus of anaerobic, chemolithotropic coccoid ARCHAEA, in the family DESULFUROCOCCACEAE. They live in marine environments.

That branch of medicine dealing with the studies and effects of flight through the atmosphere or in space upon the human body and with the prevention or cure of physiological or psychological malfunct

A plant genus of the family HIPPOCASTANACEAE (or SAPINDACEAE by some) that contains antimicrobial protein 1 and escin. A. hippocastanum is used in folk medicine for treating chronic venous insufficien

Multinational coalition military operation initiated in October 2001 to counter terrorism and bring security to AFGHANISTAN in collaboration with Afghan forces.

Country located north and west of Pakistan, and east of Iran. The capital is Kabul.

A genus of gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative rods which are motile by means of a single flagellum. Afipia felis and BARTONELLA HENSELAE are causative agents of CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE. (Fro

The continent south of EUROPE, east of the ATLANTIC OCEAN and west of the INDIAN OCEAN.

The geographical area of Africa comprising CAMEROON; CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC; CHAD; CONGO; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO; EQUATORIAL GUINEA; GABON; RWANDA.and SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE.

The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI, DJIBOUTI, ERITREA, ETHIOPIA, KENYA, SOMALIA, SOUTH SUDAN, SUDAN, TANZANIA, and UGANDA.

A species of ORBIVIRUS that causes disease in horses, mules, and donkeys. Via its principal vector CULICOIDES, it can also infect dogs, elephants, camels, cattle, sheep, goats, and, in special circums

The geographical area of Africa comprising ALGERIA; EGYPT; LIBYA; MOROCCO and TUNISIA. It includes also the vast deserts and oases of the Sahara. It is often referred to as North Africa or the Maghreb

People native to or inhabitants of AFRICA.

The lone species of the genus Asfivirus. It infects domestic and wild pigs, warthogs, and bushpigs. Disease is endemic in domestic swine in many African countries and Sardinia. Soft ticks of the genus

A geopolitical organization of African nations with a mission to integrate vital interests, promote international relations, political stability, and economic development among member states.

The geographical area of Africa comprising ANGOLA; BOTSWANA; LESOTHO; MALAWI; MOZAMBIQUE; NAMIBIA; SOUTH AFRICA; SWAZILAND; ZAMBIA; and ZIMBABWE.

All of Africa except Northern Africa (AFRICA, NORTHERN) including ANGOLA; BENIN; BOTSWANA; BURKINA FASO; CABO VERDE; CAMEROON; CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC; CHAD; CONGO; COTE D'IVOIRE; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

The geographical area of Africa comprising BENIN; BURKINA FASO; CABO VERDE, COTE D'IVOIRE (formerly Ivory Coast); GAMBIA; GHANA; GUINEA; GUINEA-BISSAU; LIBERIA; MALI; MAURITANIA; NIGER; NIGERIA; SENE

A placental mammal superorder that contains ELEPHANTS; MANATEES; DUGONGS; SIRENIANS; HYRAXES; AARDVARKS; elephant shrews (Macroscelidea); TENRECS; Golden moles (Chrysochloridae). Largely classified ba

Medical care provided after the regular daily practice schedule of the physicians. Usually it is designed to deliver 24-hour-a-day and 365 day-a-year patient care coverage for emergencies, triage, ped

A genus comprised of nine species of small PARROTS from Africa. They are noted for showing affection for their mates.

An extensive order of basidiomycetous fungi whose fruiting bodies are commonly called mushrooms.

A basidiomycetous fungal genus of the family Agaricaceae, order Agaricales, which includes the field mushroom (A. campestris) and the commercial mushroom (A. bisporus).

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that contains tilianin, agastanol, and agastaquinone (a cytotoxic diterpenoid quinone).

A genus known for fibers obtained from their leaves: sisal from A. sisalana, henequen from A. fourcroyoides and A. cantala, or Manila-Maguey fiber from A. cantala. Some species provide a sap that is f

A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available.

Persons 80 years of age and older.

The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific d

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but sh

Persons classified by age from birth (INFANT, NEWBORN) to octogenarians and older (AGED, 80 AND OVER).

A genus of large, brightly colored SPONGES in the family Agelasidae, possessing a skeleton of spongin fibers with a core of large spicules (megascleres).

The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common name of snakeroot is also used for POLYGALA; SANICULA; ARISTOLOCHIA and others.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that contains PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS. Yellow vein disease of Ageratum is caused by a viral DNA complex of a begomovirus (GEMINIVIRIDAE).

The clumping together of suspended material resulting from the action of AGGLUTININS.

A genus of PASTEURELLACEAE. Members are nonmotile, Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods or coccobacilli. Its members are X factor (HEMIN) independent and variably dependent on V factor (NAD).

A species of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic spherical or rod-shaped bacteria indigenous to dental surfaces. It is associated with PERIODONTITIS; BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; and ACTINOMYCOSIS.

A species of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic spherical or rod-shaped bacteria indigenous to oral cavity and pharynx. It is associated with BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; and MENINGITIS.

A species of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic pleomorphic rod-shaped often filamentous bacteria in the genus of AGGREGATIBACTER found in the oral cavity. It is associated with DENTAL PLAQUE; and

Combination of moving traffic offenses so as to endanger other persons or property. (https://nhtsa.gov/Driving-Safety/Aggressive-Driving)

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

To continue to live in one's home safely, independently, and comfortably in a familiar environment..

A genus of venomous snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae. Twelve species of this genus are found in North and Central America and Asia. Agkistrodon contortrix is the copperhead, A. piscivorus, the cotto

A plant genus of the family MELIACEAE. Members contain lariciresinol, pregnanes, insecticidal rocaglamide derivatives and other compounds.

Beneficial microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) encapsulated in carrier material and applied to the environment for remediation and enhancement of agricultural productivity.

The routing of water to open or closed areas where it is used for agricultural purposes.

The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.

A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE that has been used in folk treatment of diabetes. Members contain agrimoniin (TANNINS).

A genus of gram negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, plants, and marine mud.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and the stems, leafs, and roots of plants. Some biotypes are pathogenic and cause the formation of PLANT TUMORS in a wide variety of hig

A genus of saprobic mushrooms in the family Bolbitiaceae that grow in grass, dung, garden mulch, or in woods.

The design, development and management of sustainable agroecosystems based on the application of ecological principles while considering existing social, cultural, and economic factors of farming comm

A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The common name of wheatgrass is also used for other plants in the family.

A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE that contains ALLANTOIN and a ribosome-inactivating protein.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE.

Financial assistance provided by the government to indigent families with dependent children who meet certain requirements as defined by the Social Security Act, Title IV, in the U.S.

A plant genus of the family SIMAROUBACEAE. Members contain ailantinols and other quassinoids.

A family in the suborder Caniformia, Order CARNIVORA, comprised of one genus Ailurus, the lesser pandas.

The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.

Fixed-wing aircraft or helicopters equipped for air transport of patients.

The maintenance of certain aspects of the environment within a defined space to facilitate the function of that space; aspects controlled include air temperature and motion, radiant heat level, moistu

A weight-carrying structure for navigation of the air that is supported either by its own buoyancy or by the dynamic action of the air against its surfaces. (Webster, 1973)

The dissociation of molecules in the air into positive and negative ions under the influence of an electric field.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the air. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

The motion of air currents.

The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include

The contamination of indoor air.

Contamination of air with radioactive substances.

Terminal facilities used for aircraft takeoff and landing and including facilities for handling passengers. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed.)

The force per unit area that the air exerts on any surface in contact with it. Primarily used for articles pertaining to air pressure within a closed environment.

Travel by means of an airplane, helicopter, or balloon.

A plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida.

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that contains cyasterone, ajugasterone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, 8-acetylharpagide (an iridoid glycoside).

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria in the phylum VERRUCOMICROBIA and the family Akkermansiaceae. This genus includes the species Akkermansia muciniphila which is known for residing in the hu

A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) isolated from spontaneous leukemia in AKR strain mice.

A state in the southeastern region of the United States. The capital is Montgomery.

A plant family of the order Cornales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida, consisting of slow-growing evergreen trees common in tropical forests of south India and Burma. Members contain tetrahydroi

State of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA bounded on the east by Canada and on the north, west, and south by the Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea.

Persons having origins in any indigenous people of ALASKA and their descendants.

A country in Europe, on the Adriatic Sea. The capital is Tirana

A province of western Canada, lying between the provinces of British Columbia and Saskatchewan. Its capital is Edmonton. It was named in honor of Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains julibroside (triterpenoid saponins).

A family of gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming rods or cocci of the order BURKHOLDERIALES, which include . A well-known genera which includes ACHROMOBACTER; ALCALIGENES; and BORDETELLA.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria that occur in water and soil. Some are common inhabitants of the intestinal tract of vertebrates. These bacteria occasionally cause opportunistic inf

The type species of gram negative bacteria in the genus ALCALIGENES, found in soil. It is non-pathogenic, non-pigmented, and used for the production of amino acids.

A family of halophilic bacteria in the order Oceanospirillales. Its principal carbon and energy sources are linear-chain ALKANES and their derivatives.

A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE. Members contain esculetin and QUERCETIN.

Form of chemistry concerned with discovering methods for transmuting base metals into gold and with finding an elixir for eternal youth.

Drinkable liquids containing ETHANOL.

Persons who have a history of physical or psychological dependence on ETHANOL.

An organization of self-proclaimed alcoholics who meet frequently to reinforce their practice of abstinence.

An infraorder of snakes in the order Serpentes that includes all snakes except blind snakes and thread snakes.

A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE that is the source of tung oil and a phorbol diester (PHORBOL ESTERS).

A species of PARVOVIRUS that causes a disease in mink, mainly those homozygous for the recessive Aleutian gene which determines a desirable coat color.

The type species of the genus ALFAMOVIRUS that is non-persistently transmitted by aphids.

A genus of the family BROMOVIRIDAE with a wide host range. Transmission is by aphids and the type species is ALFALFA MOSAIC VIRUS.

A country in northern Africa bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between MOROCCO and TUNISIA. Its capital is Algiers.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING RODS, in the family Alicyclobacillaceae, containing a unique lipid in their membranes.

A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria in the family VIBRIONACEAE. They are found in the marine environment often associated with animals.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ALIIVIBRIO, which exhibits LUMINESCENCE. A. fischeri is found in a symbiotic relationship with the SQUID Euprymna scolopes.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ALIIVIBRIO. Aliivibrio salmonicida is the causative agent of cold water vibriosis, a HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA of ATLANTIC SALMON.

A plant genus of the family ALISMATACEAE. The flowers have 3 green sepals, 3 yellow and white petals, 6 stamens, and several pistils. Members contain TRITERPENES and SESQUITERPENES. Alisma is a compon

A plant family of the subclass ALISMATIDAE, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons) of aquatic plants. The flower parts are in threes with 3 green sepals and 3 white or yellow petals.

A plant of the class MAGNOLIOPSIDA. It is a primitive group of mostly aquatic plants.

The covalent bonding of an alkyl group to an organic compound. It can occur by a simple addition reaction or by substitution of another functional group.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

A situation where one member (allele) of a gene pair is lost (LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY) or amplified.

The process by which organisms release chemical compounds known as ALLELOCHEMICALS which influence the physiology, growth, survival, colonization, and reproductive activities of other species usually

Physicians specializing in treating individuals with hypersensitivity to ALLERGENS.

A medical specialty concerned with the hypersensitivity of the individual to foreign substances and protection from the resultant infection or disorder.

Occupations of medical personnel who are not physicians, and are qualified by special training and, frequently, by licensure to work in supporting roles in the health care field. These occupations inc

Health care workers specially trained and licensed to assist and support the work of health professionals. Often used synonymously with paramedical personnel, the term generally refers to all health c

Large, long-tailed reptiles, including caimans, of the order Loricata.

A genus of the plant family Amaryllidaceae. Many produce pungent, often bacteriostatic and physiologically active compounds and are used as VEGETABLES; CONDIMENTS; and medicament, the latter in tradit

A bacteriophage genus of the family LEVIVIRIDAE, whose viruses contain the longer version of the genome and have no separate cell lysis gene.

A genus of aquatic fungi in the phylum BLASTOCLADIOMYCOTA. It is abundant in warmer climates and exhibits true alternation of generations.

Biological adaptation, such as the rise of EPINEPHRINE in response to exercise, stress or perceived danger, followed by a fall of epinephrine during RELAXATION. Allostasis is the achievement of stabil

The modification of the reactivity of ENZYMES by the binding of effectors to sites (ALLOSTERIC SITES) on the enzymes other than the substrate BINDING SITES.

A site on an enzyme which upon binding of a modulator, causes the enzyme to undergo a conformational change that may alter its catalytic or binding properties.

Work consisting of a calendar of days, weeks, and months, together with information such as astronomical data, various statistics, etc. (From Genre Terms: A Thesaurus for Use in Rare Book and Special

Works on publications, usually annual, containing a calendar for the coming year, the times of such events and phenomena as anniversaries, sunrises, sunsets, phases of the moon, tides, meteorological,

Privately endowed or publicly funded institutions receiving and supporting the aged or infirm poor. They sometimes functioned as centers of health care before the establishment of formal hospitals.

A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE that is distinguished from birch (BETULA) by its usually stalked winter buds and by cones that remain on the branches after the small, winged nutlets are release

A plant genus of the family ARACEAE. Members contain beta-glucosidases and trypsin inhibitors.

A plant genus of the family ASPHODELACEAE which is used medicinally. It contains anthraquinone glycosides such as aloin-emodin or aloe-emodin (EMODIN).

A genus of the subfamily ALOUATTINAE, family ATELIDAE, inhabiting the forests of Central and South America. Howlers travel in groups and define their territories by howling accompanied by vigorously s

A species of the genus ALOUATTA, family ATELIDAE, inhabiting the forests of South America. Although sometimes known as black howler only adult males have black hair and adult females and juveniles are

A subfamily of ATELIDAE inhabiting the forests of Central and South America. The genus ALOUATTA, or howler monkeys, belongs to this subfamily.

A genus of the family CORONAVIRIDAE which causes respiratory or gastrointestinal disease in a variety of mammals. Human alphacoronaviruses include Human coronavirus 229E and NL63. All members share th

The type species of ALPHACORONAVIRUS genus causing gastroenteritis, peritonitis and respiratory diseases in dogs, cats and swine. Previously separate species TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS; PORCI

A subfamily of HERPESVIRIDAE characterized by a short replication cycle. The genera include: SIMPLEXVIRUS; VARICELLOVIRUS; MAREK'S DISEASE-LIKE VIRUSES; and ILTOVIRUS.

A genus in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE causing influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. It contains many strains as well as antigenic subtypes of the integral membrane proteins hemagglutini

A genus of DNA viruses in the family PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE. They preferentially infect the anogenital and ORAL MUCOSA in humans and primates, causing both malignant and benign neoplasms. Cutaneous lesions

Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two NEUTRONS, i.e. equivalent to HELIUM nuclei, which are emitted during disintegration of heavy ISOTOPES. Alpha rays have very strong ionizing

A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised mostly of two major phenotypes: purple non-sulfur bacteria and aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria.

A genus of the family RETROVIRIDAE with type C morphology, that causes malignant and other diseases in wild birds and domestic fowl.

A genus of TOGAVIRIDAE, also known as Group A arboviruses. They are serologically related to each other and are transmitted by mosquitoes. The type species is the SINDBIS VIRUS.

A plant genus of the family ZINGIBERACEAE. Members contain galangin, yakuchinone-A, and diarylheptanoids.

A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. Members contain echitovenidine, echitamine, venenatine (an indole alkaloid), and anti-inflammatory triterpenoids

A plant genus of the family Alstroemeriaceae. Members contain allergens, tuliposide A and tulipalin A.

A mitosporic Loculoascomycetes fungal genus including several plant pathogens and at least one species which produces a highly phytotoxic antibiotic. Its teleomorph is Lewia.

A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not

A family of marine, gram-negative PROTEOBACTERIA including the genera ALTEROMONAS; Colwellia; Idiomarina; MARINOBACTER; MORITELLA; PSEUDOALTEROMONAS; and SHEWANELLA.

A genus of gram-negative, straight or curved rods which are motile by means of a single, polar flagellum. Members of this genus are found in coastal waters and the open ocean. (From Bergey's Manual of

A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE known for mucilaginous roots. The common names of hollyhock and mallow are also used for other genera of MALVACEAE.

A vertical distance measured from a known level on the surface of a planet or other celestial body.

Non-traditional journal impact measures that include tracking of downloads; mentions in SOCIAL MEDIA, NEWS reports, BLOGS, and online ENCYCLOPEDIAS; links in bookmarking services and online reference

The Alu sequence family (named for the restriction endonuclease cleavage enzyme Alu I) is the most highly repeated interspersed repeat element in humans (over a million copies). It is derived from the

A group of three related eukaryotic phyla whose members possess an alveolar membrane system, consisting of flattened membrane-bound sacs lying beneath the outer cell membrane.

A genus of fungi of the family Agaricaceae, order Agaricales; most species are poisonous.

A family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, with about 60 genera and more than 800 species of plants, with a few shrubs, trees, and vines. The leaves usually have nonindented edges.

A plant genus, in the family AMARANTHACEAE, best known as a source of high-protein grain crops and of Red Dye No. 2 (AMARANTH DYE). Tumbleweed sometimes refers to Amaranthus but more often refers to S

A family of herbaceous plants with bulbs or rhizomes in the order Asparagales.

One of the largest genera of PARROTS, ranging from South American to Northern Mexico. Many species are commonly kept as house pets.

An emerging paradigm in which people are empowered through intelligent (digital) tools embedded in the surrounding environment. These tools proactively support human existence by being sensitive, adap

A suborder of chewing lice, in the order PHTHIRAPTERA, that are ectoparasites of poultry and some mammals.

A genus of hardbacked TICKS, in the family IXODIDAE. It includes the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, and the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum, in the Americas. Amblyomma americanum is the pr

A genus of FUNGI, in the family Amblyosporidae, which is a parasite of MOSQUITOES.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The POLLEN is one cause of HAYFEVER.

The practice of redirecting ambulances and patients seeking urgent care from one emergency department to others for various reasons such as overcrowding and shortage of skilled staff.

A vehicle equipped for transporting patients in need of emergency care.

Those facilities which administer health services to individuals who do not require hospitalization or institutionalization.

Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling administrative activities associated with t

A genus of the Ambystomatidae family. The best known species are the axolotl AMBYSTOMA MEXICANUM and the closely related tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. They may retain gills and remain aquatic w

A salamander found in Mexican mountain lakes and accounting for about 30 percent of the urodeles used in research. The axolotl remains in larval form throughout its life, a phenomenon known as neoteny

A family of the class CAUDATA which includes 4 living genera, about 33 species, and occurs only in North America. Adults are usually terrestrial, but the larval forms are aquatic.

A genus in the subfamily PARVOVIRINAE consisting of a single species ALEUTIAN MINK DISEASE VIRUS.

The elaboration of dental enamel by ameloblasts, beginning with its participation in the formation of the dentino-enamel junction to the production of the matrix for the enamel prisms and interprismat

A voluntary organization concerned with the prevention and treatment of cancer through education and research.

1861-1865 conflict between the Union (Northern states) and the 11 Southern states that seceded and were organized as the Confederate States of America.

Professional society representing the field of dentistry.

A voluntary organization concerned with the prevention and treatment of heart and vascular diseases.

A professional society in the United States whose membership is composed of hospitals.

A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North, South and Central Americas, and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment (https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/199

Professional society representing the field of medicine.

Professional society representing the field of nursing.

Professional organization concerned with issues affecting personal and environmental health, including federal and state funding for health programs, programs related to chronic and infectious disease

Public Law No: 111-5, enacted February 2009, makes supplemental appropriations for job preservation and creation, infrastructure investment, energy efficiency and science, assistance to the unemployed

Armed conflict that resulted in separation of American colonies from Britain and established the United States of America.

A group of islands of SAMOA, in the southwest central Pacific. Its capital is Pago Pago. The islands were ruled by native chiefs until about 1869. An object of American interest beginning in 1839, Pag

A professional society concerned with the diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and remediation of speech, language, and hearing disorders.

The general name for NORTH AMERICA; CENTRAL AMERICA; and SOUTH AMERICA unspecified or combined.

The creation of an amine. It can be produced by the addition of an amino group to an organic compound or reduction of a nitro group.

Three-dimensional protein structural elements that are composed of a combination of secondary structures. They include HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIFS and ZINC FINGERS. Motifs are typically the most conserved

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A reaction that introduces an aminoacyl group to a molecule. TRANSFER RNA AMINOACYLATION is the first step in GENETIC TRANSLATION.

An ethnic group with shared religious beliefs in PROTESTANTISM. Originating in Switzerland in the late 1600s, and first migrating to the mid-Atlantic, they now live throughout Eastern and Mid-Western

A plant genus of the family APIACEAE that is the primary plant source of KHELLIN.

A genus of ameboid protozoa. Characteristics include a vesicular nucleus and the formation of several PSEUDOPODIA, one of which is dominant at a given time. Reproduction occurs asexually by binary fis

An order of ameboid protozoa that is commonly uninucleate and possess mitochondria. Most organisms are nonpathogenic.

A supergroup (some say phylum) of ameboid EUKARYOTES, comprising ARCHAMOEBAE; LOBOSEA; and MYCETOZOA.

A plant genus of the family ZINGIBERACEAE. Members contain aculeatin D, beta-sitosterol, and STIGMASTEROL. Some members have been reclassified to ELETTARIA and other ZINGIBERACEAE.

A plant genus of the family ARACEAE. Members contain konjac glucomannan (MANNANS) and SEROTONIN.

A plant genus of the family VITACEAE. Members contain momordin and SITOSTEROLS.

VERTEBRATES belonging to the class amphibia such as frogs, toads, newts and salamanders that live in a semiaquatic environment.

An order of mostly marine CRUSTACEA containing more than 5500 species in over 100 families. Like ISOPODA, the other large order in the superorder Peracarida, members are shrimp-like in appearance, hav

Nonsusceptibility of a microbe to the action of ampicillin, a penicillin derivative that interferes with cell wall synthesis.

Persons who have lost part of, or all of, a limb or other appendage of their body.

A plant genus of the family BORAGINACEAE. Members contain PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS. The common name of burweed is also used for Triumfetta (TILIACEAE).

A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. Species of this genus contain YOHIMBINE.

A genus of high GC content gram positive bacteria of the family Pseudonocardiaceae in the order Pseudonocardiales. It is known for producing the antibiotics epoxyquinomycin, VANCOMYCIN, and RISTOCETIN

A genus of CYANOBACTERIA consisting of trichomes that are untapered with conspicuous constrictions at cross-walls. A firm individual sheath is absent, but a soft covering is often present. Many specie

A species in the genus ANABAENA whose trichomes are composed of cylindrical cells.

A species of ANABAENA that can form SPORES called akinetes.

The sumac plant family in the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are tropical and subtropical trees, shrubs, and woody vines that have resin ducts in the bark. The sap of ma

A plant genus of the family ANACARDIACEAE. This is the source of the familiar cashew nuts, which are heat treated to remove the irritant toxin. Cashew nut shell liquid (frequently abbreviated as CNSL)

A process facilitated by specialized bacteria (PLANCTOMYCETES) involving the oxidation of ammonia to gaseous nitrogen by using nitrite as the electron acceptor.

The oxygen consumption level above which aerobic energy production is supplemented by anaerobic mechanisms during exercise, resulting in a sustained increase in lactate concentration and metabolic aci

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology,

A genus of gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacteria in the family SUCCINIVIBRIONACEAE. It has been isolated from the THROAT and COLON of beagle dogs and from human FECES.

A plant genus of the family PRIMULACEAE that contains anagallosides, which are molluscacidal triterpenoid saponins.

The process of converting analog data to discrete, digital form.

A plant genus of the family BROMELIACEAE known for the edible fruit that is the source of BROMELAINS.

The phase of cell nucleus division following METAPHASE, in which the CHROMATIDS separate and migrate to opposite poles of the spindle.

A genus of gram-negative bacteria whose organisms are obligate parasites of vertebrates. Species are transmitted by arthropod vectors with the host range limited to ruminants. Anaplasma marginale is t

A species of gram-negative bacteria causing mild ANAPLASMOSIS in CATTLE. It also can infect SHEEP and GOATS. It is transmitted by TICKS.

A species of gram-negative bacteria and causative agent of severe bovine ANAPLASMOSIS. It is the most pathogenic of the ANAPLASMA species.

A species of gram-negative bacteria producing mild to severe ANAPLASMOSIS in SHEEP and GOATS, and mild or inapparent infections in DEER and CATTLE.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ANAPLASMA, family ANAPLASMATACEAE, formerly called Ehrlichia phagocytophila or Ehrlichia equi. This organism is tick-borne (IXODES) and causes disease

A family of bacteria in the order RICKETTSIALES which inhabit RED BLOOD CELLS and other types of cells, causing disease in both animals and humans.

Peculiarities associated with the internal structure, form, topology, or architecture of organisms that distinguishes them from others of the same species or group.

Those persons skilled in anatomy or dissection.

A branch of biology dealing with the structure of organisms.

The study of the structures of organisms for applications in art: drawing, painting, sculpture, illustration, etc.

The comparative study of animal structure with regard to homologous organs or parts. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Descriptive anatomy based on three-dimensional imaging (IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL) of the body, organs, and structures using a series of computer multiplane sections, displayed by transverse, coronal

The anatomical study of specific regions or parts of organisms, emphasizing the relationship between the various structures (e.g. muscles, nerves, skeletal, cardiovascular, etc.).

The study of the anatomical structures of animals.

Geographical sites known to be extant in a remote period in the history of civilization, familiar as the names of ancient countries and empires.

Those support services other than room, board, and medical and nursing services that are provided to hospital patients in the course of care. They include such services as laboratory, radiology, pharm

A genus of nematode intestinal parasites that consists of several species. A. duodenale is the common hookworm in humans. A. braziliense, A. ceylonicum, and A. caninum occur primarily in cats and dogs

A superfamily of nematode parasitic hookworms consisting of four genera: ANCYLOSTOMA; NECATOR; Bunostomum; and Uncinaria. ANCYLOSTOMA and NECATOR occur in humans and other mammals. Bunostomum is commo

A principality in the Pyrenees between France and Spain. Its capital is also called Andorra. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p50)

A plant genus of the family ACANTHACEAE. Members contain andrographolide and other DITERPENES and androechin, a CHALCONE.

A plant species in the genus Andrographis, family Acanthaceae. Its bitter tasting leaves have been used in traditional medicine and contain labdane-type diterpene lactone andrographolide.

A scientific or medical discipline concerning the study of male reproductive biology, diseases of the male genital organs, and male infertility. Major areas of interest include ENDOCRINOLOGY; SPERMATO

An endocrine state in men, characterized by a significant decline in the production of TESTOSTERONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and other hormones such as HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE. Andropause symptoms are re

A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The common name of bluestem is also used for other plants in this family. Andropogon nardus has been reclassified as CYMBOPOGON nardus and Andropogon zizanioides a

Works consisting of brief accounts or narratives of incidents or events.

Works about brief accounts or narratives of an incident or event.

A family of non-enveloped, vertebrate, single-stranded DNA Viruses.

A plant genus of the family Asparagaceae. Members contain anemarans (POLYSACCHARIDES), hinokiresinol, mangiferin (a xanthone), and timosaponin (a steroidal saponin).

A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE that contains triterpene saponins. The root of Anemone raddeana is the source of a Chinese folk medicine, zhu jie xian fu. The common name of liverwort is als

Hospital department responsible for the administration of functions and activities pertaining to the delivery of anesthetics.

Physicians specializing in ANESTHESIOLOGY.

A specialty concerned with the study of anesthetics and anesthesia.

Persons trained and certified to administer ANESTHETICS.

A state of sexual inactivity in female animals exhibiting no ESTROUS CYCLE. Causes of anestrus include pregnancy, presence of offspring, season, stress, and pathology.

Anethum graveolens L. is a plant species of the family APIACEAE. The leaves are considered as a spice (SPICES).

A plant genus of the family Apiaceae.

A plant species of the family Apiaceae that contains COUMARINS.

A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is the source of dong quai.

Formation of new blood vessels, which is controlled by chemical signals in the body, such as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF). This process involves the migration, growth, and differentiation

A genus of parasitic nematodes of the superfamily METASTRONGYLOIDEA. Two species, ANGIOSTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS and A. vasorum, infest the lungs of rats and dogs, respectively. A. cantonensis is transmi

A species of parasitic nematodes distributed throughout the Pacific islands that infests the lungs of domestic rats. Human infection, caused by consumption of raw slugs and land snails, results in eos

A republic in southern Africa, southwest of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and west of ZAMBIA. Its capital is Luanda.

A genus in the Family Anguillidae, Order Anguilliformes, that includes fresh water eels.

Institutional committees established to protect the welfare of animals used in research and education. The 1971 NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals introduced the policy that institut

Selection and removal of individuals from a population or group. Culling is a common strategy with livestock and wildlife, used to control and eradicate diseases or pests, control population size, sel

Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.

The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.

Nutritional physiology of animals.

The study of NUTRITION PROCESSES, as well as the components of food, their actions, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease in animals.

Animals grouped according to ecological, morphological or genetic populations.

The moral and ethical bases of the protection of animals from cruelty and abuse. The rights are extended to domestic animals, laboratory animals, and wild animals.

Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the moder

Animals that are produced through selective breeding to eliminate genetic background differences except for a single or few specific loci. They are used to investigate the contribution of genetic bac

Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with humans. They include animals domesticated by humans to live and breed in a tame condition on farms

Animals native to a foreign country or of foreign origin or character, that are not native to the United States.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

Animals produced by the mating of progeny over multiple generations. The resultant strain of animals is virtually identical genotypically. Highly inbred animal lines allow the study of certain traits

Animals used or intended for use in research, testing, or teaching.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

Animals that are generated from breeding two genetically dissimilar strains of the same species.

Animal population groups that produce BIOLOGICAL TOXINS.

Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, foster mother, or bottle fed.

Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.

Animal population groups or individual animals that reside in captivity at a zoological park.

Assistants to a veterinarian, biological or biomedical researcher, or other scientist who are engaged in the care and management of animals, and who are trained in basic principles of animal life proc

The protection of animals in laboratories or other specific environments by promoting their health through better nutrition, housing, and care.

A film or video wholly or partially created by photographing drawings, sculptures, or other inanimate things in sequence to create the illusion of motion. Animations are also generated by computers. (

A genus of nematodes of the superfamily ASCARIDOIDEA. Its organisms are found in the stomachs of marine animals and birds. Human infection occurs by ingestion of raw fish that contain larvae.

A physical property showing different values in relation to the direction in or along which the measurement is made. The physical property may be with regard to thermal or electric conductivity or lig

Protein motif that contains a 33-amino acid long sequence that often occurs in tandem arrays. This repeating sequence of 33-amino acids was discovered in ANKYRIN where it is involved in interaction wi

A phylum of metazoan invertebrates comprising the segmented worms, and including marine annelids (POLYCHAETA), freshwater annelids, earthworms (OLIGOCHAETA), and LEECHES. Only the leeches are of medic

Occasions to commemorate an event or occasions designated for a specific purpose.

A plant genus of the family ANNONACEAE. It has edible fruit and seeds which contain acetogenins and benzoquinazoline and other alkaloids.

The custard-apple plant family of the order Magnoliales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. Some members provide large pulpy fruits and commercial timber. Leaves and wood are often fragrant. L

Annual statements concerning the administrative and operational functions of an institution or organization.

Works on annual statements reviewing the status of the administrative and operational functions and accomplishments of an institution or organization.

A genus of thin-shelled freshwater mussels in the family UNIONIDAE, class BIVALVIA.

APOPTOSIS triggered by loss of contact with the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.

An infraorder of CRUSTACEA, in the order DECAPODA comprising the hermit crabs and characterized by a small fifth pair of legs.

Designations for persons whose names are not known or who wish to remain anonymous (anonyms) and for persons who wish to conceal or obscure their identity by assuming a fictitious name (pseudonyms).

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.

An order of insects comprising the sucking lice, which are blood-sucking ectoparasites of mammals. Recognized families include: Echinphthiriidae, Haematopinidae, and Pediculidae. The latter contains t

An order of CRUSTACEA comprised of shrimp-like organisms containing body trunks with at least 20 segments. The are commonly used as aquarium food.

A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING BACTERIA in the family Bacillaceae. Most species have been isolated from HOT SPRINGS.

An order of BIRDS comprising the waterfowl, particularly DUCKS; GEESE; swans; and screamers.

Communication services provided by a person or a machine to record and relay the message from the caller.

The continent lying around the South Pole and the southern waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It includes the Falkland Islands Dependencies. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionar

Any of various ruminant mammals of the order Bovidae. They include numerous species in Africa and the American pronghorn.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that is similar to MATRICARIA but this has tiny chaffy bract scales between each pair of florets. Members contain sesquiterpene lactones. Other plants with simil

A plant division that includes hornworts, named for the horn-like appearance of the spore-producing plant (sporophyte).

A genus of SEA URCHINS synonymous with Heliocidaris, belonging to the family Echinometridae.

A class in the phylum CNIDARIA, comprised mostly of corals and anemones. All members occur only as polyps; the medusa stage is completely absent.

Environmental alterations resulting from human activities.

Study of social phenomena which characterize the learned, shared, and transmitted social activities of particular ethnic groups with focus on the causes, consequences, and complexities of human social

The comparative science dealing with the physical characteristics of humans as related to their origin, evolution, and development in the total environment.

A plant genus of the family MORACEAE. Members have been used as an arrow poison.

A natural association between organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them. This often refers to the production of chemicals by one microorganism that is harmful to another.

A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinan

The phenomenon of antibody-mediated target cell destruction by non-sensitized effector cells. The identity of the target cell varies, but it must possess surface IMMUNOGLOBULIN G whose Fc portion is i

Enhancement of viral infectivity caused by non-neutralizing antibodies. There are at least two mechanisms known to account for this: mediation by Fc receptors (RECEPTORS, FC) or by complement receptor

The phenomenon of immense variability characteristic of ANTIBODIES. It enables the IMMUNE SYSTEM to react specifically against the essentially unlimited kinds of ANTIGENS it encounters. Antibody diver

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

Changes in the ANTIGEN population by slow and minor (antigenic drift) or sudden and major mutations (antigenic shift). Accumulation of minor mutations in antigenic drift over time may require developm

Loss of detectable antigen from the surface of a cell after incubation with antibodies. This is one method in which some tumors escape detection by the immune system. Antigenic modulation of target an

Change in the surface ANTIGEN of a microorganism. There are two different types. One is a phenomenon, especially associated with INFLUENZA VIRUSES, where they undergo spontaneous variation both as slo

The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. This is performed by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Some antigens require processing before they can be recogni

Islands in the Lesser Antilles, within the Leeward Islands. ANTIGUA, BARBUDA, and Redonda, an uninhabited island, constitute the independent state of ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA. The capital is St. Johns.

Programs and guidelines for selecting optimal ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS regimens in an effort to maintain antibiotic efficacy, reduce CROSS INFECTION related to ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE while managing satisf

Nucleotide sequences that are found in the PROMOTER REGIONS of the genes of stress-responsive and cytoprotective proteins, such as those encoding antioxidant and PHASE II DETOXIFICATION enzymes. NF-E2

Measurable quantity of bacteria in an object, organism, or organism compartment.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

A technique of bacterial typing which differentiates between bacteria or strains of bacteria by their susceptibility to one or more bacteriophages.

The use of several ANESTHETICS together in small amounts, as opposed to a larger amount of one drug, to induce loss of sensation and loss of consciousness.

Technique of graphic representation of the movements of the body imparted by the ballistic forces (recoil and impact) associated with cardiac contraction and ejection of blood and with the deceleratio

The use of balloon CATHETERS to remove emboli by retraction of the balloon that is inflated behind the EMBOLUS.

An endoscopy of the small intestines accomplished while advancing the endoscope, which is assisted by one or two balloons

Use of a balloon CATHETER to block the flow of blood through an artery or vein.

Widening of a stenosed HEART VALVE by the insertion of a balloon CATHETER into the valve and inflation of the balloon.

Therapy by various hot or warm baths in natural mineral waters, spas, or cures. It includes not only bathing in, but also drinking the waters, but it does not include whirlpool baths (HYDROTHERAPY).

Material used for wrapping or binding any part of the body.

Dressings comprised of a self-adhesive matrix to which hydrophilic absorbent particles are embedded. The particles consist of CELLULOSE derivatives; calcium ALGINATES; PECTINS; or GELS. The utility is

Activities related to WEIGHT REDUCTION in patients with OBESITY. Treatment methods include DIET; EXERCISE; BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION; medications; and BARIATRIC SURGERY.

Surgical procedures aimed at affecting metabolism and producing major WEIGHT REDUCTION in patients with MORBID OBESITY.

X-RAY examination of LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Imaging is done while a BARIUM COMPOUND (e.g., BARIUM SULFATE) fills the large intestine via the rectum as a CONTRAST MATERIAL.

The expected number of new cases of an infection caused by an infected individual, amongst susceptible contacts only.

An in vitro test used in the diagnosis of allergies including drug hypersensitivity. The allergen is added to the patient's white blood cells and the subsequent histamine release is measured.

Methods for cultivation of cells, usually on a large-scale, in a closed system for the purpose of producing cells or cellular products to harvest.

Receptacles used for collection of human excrement.

The immersion or washing of the body or any of its parts in water or other medium for cleansing or medical treatment. It includes bathing for personal hygiene as well as for medical purposes with the

A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the o

Articles of cloth, usually cotton or rayon and other synthetic or cotton-blend fabrics, used in households, hospitals, physicians' examining rooms, nursing homes, etc., for sheets, pillow cases, towel

Confinement of an individual to bed for therapeutic or experimental reasons.

Equipment on which one may lie and sleep, especially as used to care for the hospital patient.

Telephone surveys are conducted to monitor prevalence of the major behavioral risks among adults associated with premature MORBIDITY and MORTALITY. The data collected is in regard to actual behaviors,

Manipulation of the behavior of persons or animals by biomedical, physical, psychological, or social means, including for nontherapeutic reasons.

A wide range of formal and informal techniques used to document behavior.

Brain waves with frequency between 15-30 Hz seen on EEG during wakefulness and mental activity.

A form of supportive psychotherapy in which the patient is given carefully selected material to read.

Any surgical procedure performed on the biliary tract.

A surgical procedure which diverts pancreatobiliary secretions via the duodenum and the jejunum into the colon, the remaining small intestine being anastomosed to the stomach after antrectomy. The pro

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

The probability distribution associated with two mutually exclusive outcomes; used to model cumulative incidence rates and prevalence rates. The Bernoulli distribution is a special case of binomial di

Artificial organs that are composites of biomaterials and cells. The biomaterial can act as a membrane (container) as in BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER or a scaffold as in bioartificial skin.

Electric power supply devices which convert biological energy, such as chemical energy of metabolism or mechanical energy of periodic movements, into electrical energy.

The therapy technique of providing the status of one's own AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM function (e.g., skin temperature, heartbeats, brain waves) as visual or auditory feedback in order to self-control r

Techniques where DNA is delivered directly into organelles at high speed using projectiles coated with nucleic acid, shot from a helium-powered gun (gene gun). One of these techniques involves immuniz

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal

Human or animal tissue used as temporary wound coverings.

Treatment of diseases with biological materials or biological response modifiers, such as the use of GENES; CELLS; TISSUES; organs; SERUM; VACCINES; and humoral agents.

Techniques for determining the proximity of molecules based on ENERGY TRANSFER between bioluminescent chromophores and acceptor fluorophores that have overlapping emission and absorption spectra.

The use of technology-based interventions to improve functional capacities rather than to treat disease.

A method of differentiating individuals based on the analysis of qualitative or quantitative biological traits or patterns. Biometric identification, which has applications in forensics and identity t

The use of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze biological observations and phenomena.

A material transfer technique used for assembling biological material or cells into a prescribed organization to create functional structures such as MICROCHIP ANALYTICAL DEVICES, cell microarrays, or

The systematic search and discovery of natural substances which may have potential commercial applications.

Prosthesis, usually heart valve, composed of biological material and whose durability depends upon the stability of the material after pretreatment, rather than regeneration by host cell ingrowth. Dur

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens from the living body.

Using fine needles (finer than 22-gauge) to remove tissue or fluid specimens from the living body for examination in the pathology laboratory and for disease diagnosis.

The use of needles usually larger than 14-gauge to remove tissue samples large enough to retain cellular architecture for pathology examination.

Removal and examination of tissue obtained through a transdermal needle inserted into the specific region, organ, or tissue being analyzed.

Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreac

A form of holistic medicine in which ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES are used to diagnose and treat human and animal illness via manipulation of endogenous electromagnetic oscillations corresponding to the pati

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical

The application of STATISTICS to biological systems and organisms involving the retrieval or collection, analysis, reduction, and interpretation of qualitative and quantitative data.

Incorporation of biotinyl groups into molecules.

Official certifications by a physician recording the individual's birth date, place of birth, parentage and other required identifying data which are filed with the local registrar of vital statistics

The number of births in a given population per year or other unit of time.

The force applied by the masticatory muscles in dental occlusion.

A reaction characterized by a violet color upon the addition of copper sulfate to all compounds with two amide or peptide bonds linked directly or through an intermediate carbon atom. Used in the dete

Insertion of an endosseous implant with a narrow wedge-shaped infrastructure extending through the oral mucosa into the mouth and bearing openings or vents through which tissue grows to obtain retenti