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disease process, and anxiety is thought to be a contributing factor to these delays.6,16-21 A subset of anxiety manifests as kinesiophobia, or the fear of movement secondary to pain, which may also impact a patient’s willingness to seek treatment. Once referred

chronic heart, kidney, or liver disease; smoking; anemia; rheumatologic disease; coagulopathy; and psychosis as risk factors for PJI.61 Diagnosis The diagnosis of PJI remains a major challenge in revision arthroplasty. Diagnosis requires a combination

indication for this procedure, especially in younger patients. THA for ONFH can occur in the setting of natural progression of the disease or as a result of failed surgical attempts at joint preservation.82,83 It was previously thought that patients with ONFH

chronic stress associated with stigmatization in a heterosexist society (p. 788); and, overall, being able to conceptualize the theoretical relationships among variables and building on empirical advances for purposes of “sound intervention design” (p. 788). In research undertaking the second phase/generation task, understanding health disparities

chronic conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. The overall impact of OA, however, does not fall equally across all sex, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. Subtle differences in anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry may explain higher prevalence and incidence

Disease Control [CDC], 2016) and for homelessness (e.g., Keuroghlian, Shtasel, & Bassuk, 2014; Rosario, Schrimshaw, & Hunter, 2012; Wilson & Kastanis, 2015). Other research has revealed mental health differences among diverse LGBT youth populations. Bisexual youth have been found to be more vulnerable to lower well-being than

indicate remission.57,58 Although these approaches can provide orthopedic clinicians with a method of tracking disease activity, clinicians should also note any changes in a patient’s self-reported assessment and encourage patients who notice worsening symptoms to return to their rheumatologist

chronic opioid use, 97–98 clinical pathways, 100 general versus neuraxial anesthesia, 100–101 multimodal analgesia, 98–100, 98t Anterior center edge angle (ACEA), 204, 205f Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) anatomy, 121, 126–127 injury of, osteoarthritis and, 11 Anterior intercondylar fossa, 119 Anterior knee

disease. Previous injuries and wound healing issues should be noted.9 The surgeon should also obtain previous office and operative reports dictating the surgical approach and components used. Patients often present with pain, swelling, instability, or stiffness. The surgeon must elucidate the onset and nature

indications for each. Chronic opioid use Chronic pain has increased in prevalence, affecting more than 25% of US citizens.7,8 There is a concern that painful surgical procedures such as TKA may be both a trigger