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Diseases Society of America published guidelines for the diagnosis and management of PJI from an expert panel in 2013.15 At a reconvening of ICM in 2018 a weighted-score definition was proposed after a validation study, which showed that there was higher sensitivity and specificity

acute postoperative pain scores during the 2 weeks after TKA compared with males.5 However, by 6 weeks, sex differences in reported pain were no longer evident.5 Perruccio and colleagues also investigated the influence of sex on post-TKA outcomes.4 Preoperatively, females had significantly worse knee pain

disease can also lead to pain about the hip, as can pathologies of nearby anatomical structures such as inguinal hernias and the genitourinary system.22 In females, vaginal prolapse, endometriosis, ovarian torsion, uterine fibroids, and genitourinary cancers can present with groin pain as the initial symptom.23 For patients

acute postoperative pain, worse functional outcomes, and lower satisfaction following TJA compared with males.16,17,19 This sex-related disparity presents a unique challenge for surgeons looking to improve patient access to quality arthroplasty care and may be overcome by improved patient education and expectations management

acute kidney injury, especially for those patients who have preexisting kidney disease or higher

acute instability events that result in injury to cartilage and surrounding soft tissues with subsequent progression to osteoarthritis.11 Moreover, hypermobility leads to supraphysiologic movement at a joint, with soft tissue attenuation and repetitive microtrauma resulting in accelerated osteoarthritis.11 On a molecular level, these conditions all affect components

disease. Previous injuries and wound healing issues should be noted.9 The surgeon should also obtain previous office and operative reports dictating the surgical approach and components used. Patients often present with pain, swelling, instability, or stiffness. The surgeon must elucidate the onset and nature of the pain

disease, poliomyelitis, myasthenia gravis, and cerebral palsy are also associated with higher risk for periprosthetic fracture.2,11 Implant-related risk factors There is abundant evidence that uncemented THA components increase the risk for periprosthetic fracture.14-16 An analysis by Konow et al. concluded that the risk for periprosthetic

Disease Study 2017 Ann Rheum Dis 6, 2020;79: 819-828 doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216515. 14. van Tunen JAC, Dell’Isola A, Juhl C & et al. Association of malalignment, muscular dysfunction, proprioception, laxity and abnormal joint loading with tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis—a systematic review and meta-analysis

disease • Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) • Idiopathic hypercalciuria ↑ Bone resorption ↓ Tubular calcium reabsorption Hematologic disorders • Multiple myeloma • Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance • Systemic mastocytosis • Beta thalassemia major ↑ Bone resorption ↑ Bone remodeling ↑ Osteoclast activation ↓ Bone formation Autoimmune disorders • Systemic lupus erythematosus • Rheumatoid arthritis • Ankylosing spondylitis • Multiple sclerosis ↑ Osteoclastic activity