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primary and secondary CNS vasculitis, SWS, moyamoya syndrome, and mitochondrial diseases (MELAS). White matter abnormalities can be seen with migraine (Fig. 7.3), demyelinating diseases, leukodystrophies, and metabolic diseases (homocystinuria, Fabry disease). An Axial F L A I R M R I presents multiple small bright areas scattered throughout

primary and secondary CNS vasculitis, SWS, moyamoya syndrome, and mitochondrial diseases (MELAS). White matter abnormalities can be seen with migraine (Fig. 7.3), demyelinating diseases, leukodystrophies, and metabolic diseases (homocystinuria, Fabry disease). An Axial F L A I R M R I presents multiple small bright areas scattered throughout

primary and secondary CNS vasculitis, SWS, moyamoya syndrome, and mitochondrial diseases (MELAS). White matter abnormalities can be seen with migraine (Fig. 7.3), demyelinating diseases, leukodystrophies, and metabolic diseases (homocystinuria, Fabry disease). An Axial F L A I R M R I presents multiple small bright areas scattered throughout

primary TKA is to determine if their symptoms are secondary to the knee replacement itself or resulting from extrinsic sources such as hip arthritis, occult fracture, spinal stenosis, vascular disease, or periarticular bursitis.7 Next, the surgeon must confirm the mechanism of failure. This is of utmost importance because rTKA

structures, while the surrounding subcutaneous fat is brighter in tone. The bone cortex of the tibia and fibula is sharply outlined, and the medullary cavity of the bone is darker. The second scan, labeled B, is a T 2-weighted image or a fat-saturated sequence

protein, fluid, and electrolyte requirements. Cycling is best done over 2 to 4 days by reducing a 24-hour infusion in increments of 4 to 6 hours at a time (eg, from 24–20 to 16–12 hours or from 24–18 to 12 hours). Certain patients may tolerate

protein (CRP) • Vitamin D • Calcium • Thyroid stimulating hormone, free T4 Nutrition evaluation Of patients undergoing primary or revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA, referring to both hip and knee arthroplasty), 8.5% to 50% have been reported to have laboratory values indicating malnutrition.8-10 Preoperative malnutrition has been associated with adverse

structures such as inguinal hernias and the genitourinary system.22 In females, vaginal prolapse, endometriosis, ovarian torsion, uterine fibroids, and genitourinary cancers can present with groin pain as the initial symptom.23 For patients with a chief complaint of instability, the number of dislocations, the timing of the first event relative

primary OA is not fully understood, it is known that there is a complex interplay of biochemical processes and biomechanical factors resulting in the constellation of radiographic findings, signs, and symptoms commonly known as arthritis.88 Although certain risk factors may vary by anatomical site of disease, the most common

protein 49 mg/dL, glucose 56 mg/dL. Gram-negative stains and cultures are negative at 72 hours. Diagnostic Workup MRI at 24 hours after headache onset reveals FLAIR-hyperintense signal in the occipital horn of left lateral ventricle and along the subarachnoid spaces of the interhemispheric fissure (Fig. 5.1). There