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body, and posterior horn. Although the medial meniscus is C shaped, the lateral meniscus is O shaped. The medial meniscus is less flexible as a result of increased capsular attachment points. The posterior horn is larger than the anterior horn of the medial meniscus

body bone scan are important staging studies to assess the extent of disease. The use of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)-CT in osteosarcoma treatment is increasing but is not currently the standard of care. In general, osteosarcoma is treated using a multidisciplinary approach with

fats have been associated with increased rates of inflammatory diseases.23 Consumption of fructose and sugar-sweetened beverages is found to be higher among the Black population.24,25 Agrawal et al. examined inflammatory disease in immigrants. They found that disease types and manifestations varied among immigrants

pattern of experienced pain can lead to hypercortisolism which, in turn, can potentially lead to obesity, a common comorbidity of OA.28 One study looked at 257 females with OA and found disease-related pain was positively correlated with higher cortisol levels.29 This difference between cortisol levels

distribution of fat in the female body type

fat and Page 201lean mass, increases that are known to specifically relate to increases in bone density.16,18,19 However, the narrower femoral necks observed in females cannot be accounted for entirely by puberty-associated hormonal changes, and/or functional adaptations to lean mass; prepubertal changes

pattern, is more common in males, while other blood dyscrasias show no sex differences.39-42 Human immunodeficiency virus Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also associated with increased risk of ONFH.43 Females accounted for approximately 19% of newly diagnosed cases of HIV in 2022.44 It is unclear whether the increased