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lumbar plexus block provides improved analgesia with fewer side effects compared with systemic opioids after hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial Reg Anesth Pain Med 5, 2007;32: 393-398. 49. Gao Y, Tan H, Sun R & Zhu J. Fascia

lumbar spine etiology. Additional functional symptoms include difficulty getting in and out of bed or the car and putting on shoes and socks because of pain or limited range of motion. Physical exam findings start with an analysis of gait. Often the patient will have a limp

muscle insufficiency or tendon avulsion, abductor tendonitis, iliopsoas tendonitis or impingement, and heterotopic ossification. Extrinsic causes of hip pain can stem from lumbar spine pathologies such as disc herniation, spondylosis, and spinal stenosis. Peripheral nerve dysfunction, neurogenic and vascular claudication, metastases, primary malignancy, and metabolic

muscle is located on the inner side of the femur, near the pelvis. The semitendinosus and long head of the biceps femoris originate from the ischial tuberosity of the pelvis region. Biceps femoris short head situated on the outer back

fascia and skin. Suction drains are optional. • Fig. 26.4 Preoperative (A) and postoperative (B) radiographs of a petite female patient with extensive lumbopelvic fusion who underwent total hip arthroplasty via a direct anterior approach with dual mobility components. • Fig. 27.1 Surgical technique used for subtrochanteric femoral shortening

muscle mass, strength, and hormonal effects on soft tissue tension.34 Preoperatively, patients should be clinically examined for any leg length discrepancies or flexion contractures. Preoperative radiographs including an AP pelvis and cross table lateral view of the operative hip should be obtained so that leg lengths and offset

muscle health and is an independent risk factor for falls.61 A systematic review found that rates of vitamin D deficiency (serum levels <20 ng/mL) were nearly 40%.61 An analysis of pain in postoperative patients from hip fracture repair showed significantly increased incidence of moderate to severe postoperative

muscle and tissue. A surgical retractor is visible, holding back tissue for clear access to the operating

muscle-sparing approach (ABMS or Rottinger), 221, 224–225, 229t Anteroposterior stability, 126–127 Antibiotics for cemented total hip arthroplasty, 294 for conversion total hip arthroplasty, 254 for total hip arthroplasty, 247 Anticoagulants, for ONFH, 215 Antidepressants, 95t for autoimmune disorders, 34 Antiemetics, for total hip arthroplasty

muscles of hips, knees, and ankles to improve flexibility and minimize abnormal forces on the knee. Corrections to core/trunk control, posture, and gait have been shown to improve symptoms in those with anterior knee pain and improved biomechanics in the coronal plane.27-29 Activity modification can be offered