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air obstructing the right ventricle May occur with technical error of catheter insertion, postinsertion catheter breakage, or failure to clamp the catheter during disconnection of caps or tubing Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath Patients should immediately be placed on their left side and oxygen

movements of the eyes Twitching Convulsions Confusion 105 Central Vascular Access Device Care and Complications Patients must be taught how to meticulously care for their CVAD to avoid serious or life-threatening complications.25 Proper handling of catheters using aseptic technique is described in Chapter 2. Mechanical

air, where oxidation began during shelf storage of implants.4 Irradiation in an inert environment was a partial solution. However, gamma-irradiated PE will oxidize in vivo regardless of design, material, or method of fabrication.4,7 Similarly, crosslinking has reduced wear in vivo and in vitro, although articular