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placed near the front and back of the junction between the skull and spine. Fig. 3.1 Chiari I malformation with cervical cord syrinx. (A) Craniocervical junction MRI, (B) sagittal T1 and T2: dysmorphic cerebellar vermis and tonsils located 10 mm below skull base (arrowheads), with cervical cord syrinx from

placed near the front and back of the junction between the skull and spine. Fig. 3.1 Chiari I malformation with cervical cord syrinx. (A) Craniocervical junction MRI, (B) sagittal T1 and T2: dysmorphic cerebellar vermis and tonsils located 10 mm below skull base (arrowheads), with cervical cord syrinx from

placed near the front and back of the junction between the skull and spine. Fig. 3.1 Chiari I malformation with cervical cord syrinx. (A) Craniocervical junction MRI, (B) sagittal T1 and T2: dysmorphic cerebellar vermis and tonsils located 10 mm below skull base (arrowheads), with cervical cord syrinx from

placed externally over the groin area. The femoral metaphyses display irregular and widened corners. The bones of the pelvis and upper femurs are visible, with the joint ends showing clear metaphyseal corner changes.Fig. 41.1 Malarial retinopathy. (A) White-centered hemorrhages. (B) Vessel color changes in branching veins. (C) Perimacular whitening

placed externally over the groin area. The femoral metaphyses display irregular and widened corners. The bones of the pelvis and upper femurs are visible, with the joint ends showing clear metaphyseal corner changes.Fig. 41.1 Malarial retinopathy. (A) White-centered hemorrhages. (B) Vessel color changes in branching veins. (C) Perimacular whitening

placed externally over the groin area. The femoral metaphyses display irregular and widened corners. The bones of the pelvis and upper femurs are visible, with the joint ends showing clear metaphyseal corner changes.Fig. 41.1 Malarial retinopathy. (A) White-centered hemorrhages. (B) Vessel color changes in branching veins. (C) Perimacular whitening

age of 7, she experienced nocturnal awakenings and occasional staring spells. Overnight electroencephalography (EEG) showed occasional bifrontal interictal discharges with right-sided predominance (Fig. 16.1). She was started on oxcarbazepine which improved her symptoms and behavior. The electroencephalography tracing contains thirteen waveform channels labeled from

age of 7, she experienced nocturnal awakenings and occasional staring spells. Overnight electroencephalography (EEG) showed occasional bifrontal interictal discharges with right-sided predominance (Fig. 16.1). She was started on oxcarbazepine which improved her symptoms and behavior. The electroencephalography tracing contains thirteen waveform channels labeled from

age of 7, she experienced nocturnal awakenings and occasional staring spells. Overnight electroencephalography (EEG) showed occasional bifrontal interictal discharges with right-sided predominance (Fig. 16.1). She was started on oxcarbazepine which improved her symptoms and behavior. The electroencephalography tracing contains thirteen waveform channels labeled from

age, she has experienced monthly headaches of variable duration (2–8 hours). She describes these as bifrontal with some very intense pulsatile episodes, up to 8/10 severity but mostly mild (3–4/10) and not interfering with her activities of daily living. Analgesics usually address the pain. She reports associated photophobia